Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Apr;180(7):813-828. doi: 10.1111/bph.15580. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
Respiratory depression is the proximal cause of death in opioid overdose, yet the mechanisms underlying this potentially fatal outcome are not well understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression, which could lead to improved therapeutic options to counter opioid overdose, as well as other detrimental effects of opioids on breathing. The development of tolerance in the respiratory system is also discussed, as are differences in the degree of respiratory depression caused by various opioid agonists. Finally, potential future therapeutic agents aimed at reversing or avoiding opioid-induced respiratory depression through non-opioid receptor targets are in development and could provide certain advantages over naloxone. By providing an overview of mechanisms and effects of opioids in the respiratory network, this review will benefit future research on countering opioid-induced respiratory depression. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
呼吸抑制是阿片类药物过量致死的近端原因，但这一潜在致命后果的机制尚不清楚。本综述的目的是全面了解阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制的药理学机制，这可能会导致改善治疗选择以对抗阿片类药物过量，以及阿片类药物对呼吸的其他有害影响。还讨论了呼吸系统中耐受性的发展，以及各种阿片类激动剂引起的呼吸抑制程度的差异。最后，一些旨在通过非阿片受体靶点逆转或避免阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制的潜在未来治疗药物正在开发中，并可能比纳洛酮具有某些优势。通过概述阿片类药物在呼吸网络中的作用机制和影响，本综述将有助于未来对抗阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制的研究。 相关文章：本文是阿片类药物流行时期阿片类药物药理学进展专题的一部分。要查看本节中的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
