Division of Psychology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2021 Oct;210:105197. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105197. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
The self-reference effect (SRE) is the memory enhancement associated with information linked to self. Unlike 4- to 6-year-olds, adults show stronger memory enhancement when self-processing is "evaluative" (eSRE) than when self-processing is "incidental" (iSRE). Here, the developmental change from shallow to rich self-processing was programmatically explored. In Study 1, 6- to 11-year-olds (N = 189) showed an eSRE = iSRE pattern. However, eSRE magnitude was limited by ceiling effects. Avoiding ceiling effects, Study 2 showed a developmentally stable eSRE > iSRE pattern in 8- to 11-year-olds (N = 96; η = .06). Study 3 used a different paradigm to confirm that 8- to 11-year-olds are capable of evaluative encoding even without concrete self stimuli. However, the evaluative boost for children was smaller than that for adults (N = 104; η = .06). Results are discussed with reference to the developing self and its capacity to support memory.
自我参照效应（SRE）是指与自我相关联的信息所带来的记忆增强。与 4 至 6 岁儿童不同，成人在自我加工是“评价性”（eSRE）时比自我加工是“偶然”（iSRE）时表现出更强的记忆增强。在这里，程序上探讨了从浅层到丰富的自我加工的发展变化。在研究 1 中，6 至 11 岁儿童（N=189）表现出 eSRE=iSRE 模式。然而，eSRE 幅度受到上限效应的限制。为了避免上限效应，研究 2 在 8 至 11 岁儿童（N=96；η=.06）中显示出发展稳定的 eSRE>iSRE 模式。研究 3 使用了不同的范式来证实 8 至 11 岁儿童即使没有具体的自我刺激也能够进行评价性编码。然而，儿童的评价性提升比成人小（N=104；η=.06）。研究结果与发展中的自我及其支持记忆的能力有关。
