Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
J Pediatr Urol. 2021 Oct;17(5):635-643. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 May 13.
Toilet training (TT) is an important milestone in child development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different TT methods found in the literature and determine their effectiveness for the TT process.
Articles about toilet training were collected from databases, including PubMed and Scopus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement was used to guide the systematic review.
Two main classifications were used: a child-oriented approach and a structured behavioral approach. Most children were trained by the structured behavioral approach, with early onset, but at the age of completion of TT, similar to those who used a child-oriented approach. Success rates, in the few studies that reported, were better with the child-oriented approach. The lowest reported success rate was the daytime humidity alarm approach. There is no consensus on the best method to be used, as it involves a wide variety of parents' preferences and expectations and cultural differences, with studies showing great heterogeneity and methodological flaws that make meta-analysis unfeasible.
The approaches have not been directly compared, so it isn't possible to make definitive claims about one method's superiority over the other.
如厕训练（TT）是儿童发展的重要里程碑。本综述的目的是总结文献中发现的不同 TT 方法，并确定它们对 TT 过程的有效性。
从包括 PubMed 和 Scopus 在内的数据库中收集了关于如厕训练的文章。系统评价的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明用于指导系统评价。
使用了两种主要分类：以儿童为导向的方法和结构化行为方法。大多数儿童通过结构化行为方法进行训练，开始较早，但在完成 TT 的年龄与采用以儿童为导向的方法的儿童相似。在少数报告成功率的研究中，以儿童为导向的方法成功率更高。报告的最低成功率是白天湿度警报方法。由于涉及到父母偏好和期望以及文化差异的广泛多样性，目前还没有关于最佳方法的共识，研究显示出很大的异质性和方法学缺陷，使得荟萃分析变得不可行。
这些方法尚未直接进行比较，因此不能确定一种方法相对于另一种方法具有优势。
