Department of Critical Heritage Studies, Institute of Ethnology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
History Department, Otto-Friedrich-University, Bamberg, Germany.
Omega (Westport). 2023 Jun;87(2):485-503. doi: 10.1177/00302228211021741. Epub 2021 Jun 6.
The authors examine funeral reform in the second half of the 20th century in Central and Eastern Europe via the historical comparative analysis approach. Examining the case studies of Czechoslovakia and Hungary, the article argues that although the newly-developed civil (socialist) funeral ceremonies in the two countries followed a similar pattern, in the Czech part of Czechoslovakia, civil funerals followed by cremation became the norm during the forty years of communist rule, whereas in Hungary they did not become the popularly accepted approach, in a similar way to the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia, where Roman Catholic funerals and inhumation remained dominant. The significant difference in the results of efforts toward reform was due principally to differing cultural histories, attitudes toward both religion and cremation and the availability of the infrastructure required for conducting civil funerals.
作者通过历史比较分析的方法，考察了 20 世纪后半叶中欧和东欧的葬礼改革。通过对捷克斯洛伐克和匈牙利案例的研究，本文认为，尽管两国新发展的公民（社会主义）葬礼仪式采用了相似的模式，但在捷克斯洛伐克的捷克部分，在共产主义统治的四十年中，火化后的公民葬礼成为了常态，而在匈牙利，这种方式并没有像在斯洛伐克部分那样被普遍接受，在那里，罗马天主教葬礼和土葬仍然占据主导地位。改革努力结果的显著差异主要归因于不同的文化历史、对宗教和火化的态度以及进行公民葬礼所需的基础设施的可用性。
