ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beleghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
Epidemiol Infect. 2021 Jun 7;149:e148. doi: 10.1017/S0950268821001266.
Cholera is one of the major public health problems in the state of Odisha, India since centuries. The current paper is a comprehensive report on epidemiology of cholera in Odisha, which was documented from 1993. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for publications reporting cholera in Odisha during the period 1993-2015. The search was performed using the keywords 'Odisha' and/or 'Orissa' and 'Cholera'. In addition, manual search was undertaken to find out relevant papers. During the study period, a total of 37 cholera outbreaks were reported with an average of >1.5 cholera outbreaks per year and case fatality ratio was 0.3%. Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype was the major causative agent in most of the cholera cases. The recent studies demonstrated the prevalence of V. cholerae O1, El Tor variants carrying ctxB1, ctxB7 and Haitian variant tcpA allele associated with polymyxin B sensitivity and these variants are replacing the proto type El Tor. The first report of variant ctxB7 in Odisha during super-cyclone 1999 predicted its emergence and subsequent spread causing cholera outbreaks. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae at different time periods created alarming situation. The efficacy trial of oral cholera vaccine (OCV, Shanchol) in a public health set-up in Odisha has shown encouraging results which should be deployed for community level vaccination among the vulnerable population. This paper has taken an effort to disseminate the valuable information of epidemiology of cholera that will influence the policy-makers and epidemiologists for constant surveillance in other parts of Odisha, India and around the globe.
霍乱是印度奥里萨邦几个世纪以来的主要公共卫生问题之一。本文是一篇关于奥里萨邦霍乱流行病学的综合报告，该报告记录于 1993 年。我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Knowledge 上搜索了 1993-2015 年期间报道奥里萨邦霍乱的出版物。使用关键字“Odisha”和/或“Orissa”和“Cholera”进行了搜索。此外，还进行了手动搜索以找到相关论文。在研究期间，共报告了 37 起霍乱暴发事件，平均每年有超过 1.5 起霍乱暴发，病死率为 0.3%。霍乱弧菌 O1 Ogawa 血清型是大多数霍乱病例的主要病原体。最近的研究表明，与多粘菌素 B 敏感性相关的 V. cholerae O1、携带 ctxB1、ctxB7 和海地变体 tcpA 等位基因的 El Tor 变体以及这些变体正在取代原型 El Tor 变体在奥里萨邦流行。1999 年超级气旋期间首次报告的变体 ctxB7 预测了其出现和随后的传播，导致霍乱暴发。不同时期多药耐药 V. cholerae 的流行情况令人担忧。在奥里萨邦公共卫生环境中进行的口服霍乱疫苗（OCV，Shanchol）疗效试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果，应该在弱势人群中进行社区级别的疫苗接种。本文努力传播有关霍乱流行病学的宝贵信息，这将影响决策者和流行病学家在印度奥里萨邦和全球其他地区进行持续监测。
