J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021 Sep-Oct;61(5):632-639. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.05.005. Epub 2021 May 26.
To identify facilitators and barriers of early implementation of a technician product verification (TPV) program in a large community pharmacy chain.
A mixed-methods (surveys, semistructured interviews, and nondisguised direct observation) approach was used to ascertain facilitators and barriers to implementation and to subsequently develop a scalable implementation strategy with the aim to accelerate TPV scalability across a large community pharmacy chain in states where it is permitted. One-on-one staff interviews and observations provided qualitative data to identify facilitators and barriers to TPV. A Web-based survey was used to gather perceptions on a variety of implementation strategies that would make use of identified facilitators and work to overcome identified barriers.
During the mixed-method study, 3 key themes emerged: TPV is a complex intervention whose implementation is facilitated by both adaptability and trialability and is highly dependent on state practice regulations; the implementation climate of the pharmacy organization serves as a facilitator to TPV; and individual beliefs about TPV change over time as implementation experience increases.
TPV is an expansion of the technician role that allows the profession of pharmacy to increase the provision of clinical activities by delegation of a nonclinical-based task. Early adopters of TPV recognize that verification is a task that is increasingly automated by mail-order pharmacies and that verification may no longer be considered a pharmacist task. Pharmacies in this study tended to revert to comfortable, traditional workflow at the first sign of distress. To be successful in the future, TPV should be thought of as the primary workflow procedure and not as an option. TPV is a service that will require staff buy-in, patience, and championship.
确定在大型社区连锁药店中尽早实施技术人员产品验证（TPV）计划的促进因素和障碍。
采用混合方法（调查、半结构化访谈和非伪装直接观察）来确定实施的促进因素和障碍，随后制定一个可扩展的实施策略，旨在加速 TPV 在允许的州内大型社区连锁药店中的可扩展性。一对一的员工访谈和观察提供了定性数据，以确定 TPV 的促进因素和障碍。在线调查用于收集各种实施策略的看法，这些策略将利用已确定的促进因素，并努力克服已确定的障碍。
在混合方法研究中，出现了 3 个关键主题：TPV 是一项复杂的干预措施，其实施既受到适应性和试验性的促进，又高度依赖于州的实践法规；药店组织的实施氛围是 TPV 的促进因素；个人对 TPV 的信念随着实施经验的增加而发生变化。
TPV 是技术人员角色的扩展，允许药学专业通过委托非临床任务来增加临床活动的提供。TPV 的早期采用者认识到，验证是由邮购药店越来越自动化的任务，并且验证可能不再被认为是药剂师的任务。本研究中的药店在出现困难迹象时往往会恢复到舒适的传统工作流程。为了在未来取得成功，TPV 应该被视为主要的工作流程程序，而不是一种选择。TPV 是一项需要员工认可、耐心和领导的服务。
