新型抗原特异性免疫治疗传递机制。
Novel delivery mechanisms for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021 Aug 1;28(4):404-410. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000649.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Current therapies for autoimmune disorders often employ broad suppression of the immune system. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) seeks to overcome the side-effects of immunosuppressive therapy by specifically targeting only disease-related autoreactive T and B cells. Although it has been in development for several decades, ASI still is not in use clinically to treat autoimmunity. Novel ways to deliver antigen may be effective in inducing ASI. Here we review recent innovations in antigen delivery.
RECENT FINDINGS
New ways to deliver antigen include particle and nonparticle approaches. One main focus has been the targeting of antigen-presenting cells in a tolerogenic context. This technique often results in the induction and/or expansion of regulatory T cells, which has the potential to be effective against a complex, polyclonal immune response.
SUMMARY
Whether novel delivery approaches can help bring ASI into general clinical use for therapy of autoimmune diseases remains to be seen. However, preclinical work and early results from clinical trials using these new techniques show promising signs.
目的综述
目前治疗自身免疫性疾病的方法常采用广泛抑制免疫系统。抗原特异性免疫疗法（ASI）旨在通过特异性靶向仅与疾病相关的自身反应性 T 和 B 细胞来克服免疫抑制疗法的副作用。尽管它已经开发了几十年，但 ASI 仍然没有在临床上用于治疗自身免疫性疾病。新型抗原递送方法可能在诱导 ASI 方面有效。在这里，我们综述了抗原递送的最新进展。
最近的发现
新型抗原递送方法包括颗粒和非颗粒方法。一个主要焦点是在耐受原性环境中靶向抗原呈递细胞。该技术通常会诱导和/或扩增调节性 T 细胞，这可能对复杂的多克隆免疫反应有效。
总结
新型递送方法是否有助于将 ASI 广泛应用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的临床治疗，还有待观察。然而，这些新技术的临床前工作和早期临床试验结果显示出了有希望的迹象。
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