Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), 75005 Paris, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), 75005 Paris, France.
Animal. 2021 Jul;15(7):100265. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100265. Epub 2021 Jun 5.
Few studies have investigated how meal patterns of ruminants are affected by diet fibre content. Dairy goats (N = 32) in late lactation and early gestation were housed in eight groups of four goats, with all combinations of breed (Alpine and Saanen) and lactation number (1 and 2) represented in each group. Each goat had access to its own individual feed trough placed on a weigh scale with data logged automatically. All goats were fed the same total mixed ration (TMR; 30% concentrate and 44.6% NDF in DM) ad libitum for a control period of 22 days. Using the same feed ingredients, half of the groups were then offered a High fibre diet (20% concentrate; 47.3% NDF), and the other half a Low fibre diet (40% concentrate; 41.5% NDF) for a treatment period of 16 days. Daily meal patterns (meal frequency, duration and size, feeding rate, daily feed intake and daily feeding time) were computed for each animal using a meal criterion of 8 min. The last 10 days for each period (control and treatment) were used to calculate individual period means and individual differences between the two periods. During the control period, the goats ate on average 12.1 ± 0.49 meals/day, consuming 4.2 ± 0.10 kg fresh TMR daily. When the ration changed, all measures of feeding behaviour except meal size changed asymmetrically for the goats on the two diets. Goats fed the High fibre diet reduced their meal frequency by 10%, and the first meal after feed distribution lasted 11% longer, leading to a 9% reduction in feeding rate and no significant changes in daily feed intake and daily feeding time. Goats on the Low fibre diet did not significantly change their meal frequency or meal size, but the combined changes nevertheless led to a 9% increase in daily feed intake. On the Low fibre diet, goats were able to increase their feeding rate by a third, leading to a reduction in meal durations, thus reducing daily feeding time by 13%. Goats adapt their feeding behaviour to the fibre proportion of the offered diet, with more changes when fibre content is lowered, which needs to be taken into account when comparing phenotypes and adaptability of small ruminants to different diets.
很少有研究调查反刍动物的进食模式如何受到膳食纤维含量的影响。处于泌乳后期和妊娠早期的奶山羊（N=32）被分为 8 组，每组 4 只，每组均代表不同的品种（阿尔卑斯和萨能）和泌乳次数（1 和 2）。每只山羊都可以进入自己的个体饲料槽，饲料槽放在称重秤上，数据自动记录。所有山羊都自由采食相同的全混合日粮（TMR；干物质中 30%的浓缩物和 44.6%的中性洗涤纤维），为期 22 天。在控制期结束后，使用相同的饲料成分，一半的组提供高纤维饮食（20%的浓缩物；47.3%的中性洗涤纤维），另一半提供低纤维饮食（40%的浓缩物；41.5%的中性洗涤纤维），为期 16 天。使用 8 分钟的进食标准，为每只动物计算每日进食模式（进食频率、持续时间和大小、进食率、每日采食量和每日进食时间）。在每个时期（对照和处理）的最后 10 天，计算个体时期平均值和两个时期之间的个体差异。在对照期，山羊平均每天进食 12.1±0.49 餐，每天消耗 4.2±0.10kg 新鲜 TMR。当口粮改变时，两种日粮的山羊除了进食量外，所有采食行为的衡量指标都不对称地发生变化。饲喂高纤维日粮的山羊减少了 10%的进食频率，而饲料分配后的第一餐持续时间延长了 11%，导致采食量降低 9%，每日采食量和每日进食时间没有明显变化。饲喂低纤维日粮的山羊没有明显改变其进食频率或进食量，但综合变化导致每日采食量增加 9%。在低纤维日粮中，山羊能够将进食率提高三分之一，导致进食时间缩短，从而使每日进食时间减少 13%。山羊会根据提供的饮食中的纤维比例来调整其采食行为，当纤维含量降低时，变化更大，在比较不同饮食中小反刍动物的表型和适应性时，需要考虑这一点。
