University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Sep;37(17-18):NP16327-NP16350. doi: 10.1177/08862605211021970. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied. We examined associations between recent incarceration on subsequent experiences of race- or sexuality-based violence, intimate partner violence, or community violence. We analyzed data from the HPTN 061 study. Analysis includes data on 1,169 BMSM recruited from 6 U.S. cities who were present at baseline as well as 6- and 12-month follow-up interview. We tested if self-reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months was associated with self-reported outcomes between 6 and 12 months using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting and multiple imputation methods. Experienced outcomes included violence due to race or sexuality, intimate partner violence and aggression, and community violence (i.e., gang violence, robbery, shooting). Approximately 14% reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months and 90% reported experiencing violence between 6 and 12 months. In adjusted analyses, incarceration was associated with subsequent race- or sexuality-based violence [a (adjusted odds ratio) range: 1.25-1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval) range: 1.00-1.74], experiences of physical abuse and aggression from intimate partners (a: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.70) and community violence ( 1.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.72). Recent incarceration experience increased risk of exposure to future violence in this population. Mixed methods research examining mediating paths between and downstream effects of incarceration and violence on the wellbeing and health of BMSM is needed. We implore researchers to study violence and incarceration among BMSM. Practitione should implement strategies such as trauma-informed interventions, and policies strengthening the social and economic support needs of Black populations.
在美国，与男性发生性关系的黑人男性（BMSM）被不成比例地监禁。监禁是健康公平的障碍，可能是经历人际暴力的一个风险因素。然而，监禁对 BMSM 经历暴力的影响研究不足。我们研究了最近监禁与随后经历种族或性暴力、亲密伴侣暴力或社区暴力之间的关联。我们分析了 HPTN 061 研究的数据。分析包括来自美国 6 个城市的 1169 名 BMSM 的数据，这些人在基线时在场，并且在 6 个月和 12 个月的随访访谈中都在场。我们使用逻辑回归和逆概率处理权重和多重插补方法来检验基线和 6 个月之间报告的监禁是否与 6 至 12 个月之间报告的结果相关。经历的结果包括因种族或性别的暴力、亲密伴侣暴力和攻击以及社区暴力（即帮派暴力、抢劫、枪击）。约 14%的人报告在基线和 6 个月之间监禁，90%的人报告在 6 至 12 个月之间经历暴力。在调整后的分析中，监禁与随后的种族或性暴力相关[调整后的优势比（a）范围：1.25-1.41，95%置信区间（CI）范围：1.00-1.74]、亲密伴侣的身体虐待和攻击经历（a：2.35；95%CI：1.50，3.70）和社区暴力（1.82；95%CI：1.23，2.72）。在该人群中，最近的监禁经历增加了未来暴露于暴力的风险。需要进行混合方法研究，以研究监禁和暴力对 BMSM 的幸福感和健康的影响之间的中介途径和下游影响。我们恳请研究人员研究 BMSM 中的暴力和监禁。从业者应实施创伤知情干预等策略，并制定加强黑人群体社会和经济支持需求的政策。
