Angot J-L, Brugère-Picoux J
Académie vétérinaire de France, Conseil Général de l'alimentation de l'agriculture et des espaces ruraux (CGAAER), 251, rue vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
Académie nationale de médecine et Académie vétérinaire de France, 16, rue Bonaparte, 75006 Paris, France.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2021 Aug;205(7):719-725. doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2021.05.011. Epub 2021 May 28.
Coronaviruses are RNA viruses classified into Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Their name comes from their conformation with the observation of spicules forming a sort of crown. Coronaviruses seem to come from bats, and more particularly Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses (the genus where zoonoses are observed), while birds are the source of Gammacoronaviruses and Deltacoronaviruses. The first coronavirus identified was that of avian infectious bronchitis in 1931 in the United States, while the first coronaviruses were described in humans only in the 1960s. This is why coronaviruses were mainly known in the veterinary community. Most Alphacoronaviruses are species specific. They can be responsible for serious diseases such as the cat coronavirus, responsible for feline infectious peritonitis, transmissible gastroenteritis (GET) in piglets and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Finally, a deltacoronavirus can be found in both pigs (PD CoV UKU15) and birds.
冠状病毒是RNA病毒，分为α冠状病毒、β冠状病毒、γ冠状病毒和δ冠状病毒。它们的名字来源于其形态，观察发现其刺突形成一种冠状结构。冠状病毒似乎起源于蝙蝠，尤其是α冠状病毒和β冠状病毒（观察到人畜共患病的属），而鸟类是γ冠状病毒和δ冠状病毒的来源。1931年在美国首次发现的冠状病毒是禽传染性支气管炎病毒，而直到20世纪60年代才在人类中描述了首批冠状病毒。这就是为什么冠状病毒在兽医领域更为人所知。大多数α冠状病毒具有种属特异性。它们可导致严重疾病，如引起猫传染性腹膜炎的猫冠状病毒、仔猪传染性胃肠炎（GET）和猪流行性腹泻（PED）、猪呼吸道冠状病毒（PRCV）。最后，在猪（PD CoV UKU15）和鸟类中都能发现δ冠状病毒。
