Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Jun 10;193(7):407. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09182-z.
Urban development has positive and negative effects on the evolution of enclosed lake water quality. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the water quality evolution of a typical urban lake, the Sha Lake, in the process of urban development. The land use degree comprehensive index (I) was calculated to reveal the level of urban development; water quality index (S) and eutrophication index (T) were used to evaluate the water quality changes by fuzzy comprehensive-quantifying assessment (FCQA) method. The urban construction process and the water quality changes in 2000-2018 in the Sha Lake Basin were divided into three stages: (1) in 2000-2006, with the slow urban development, water quality remained stable and the degree of eutrophication improved slightly; (2) in 2007-2009, I increased rapidly to reach 300, S and T increased from 90.62 to 92.83 and 75.06 to 87.52, respectively. Water quality deteriorated because of the failure to implement environmental protection measures in time; (3) in 2010-2018, although urban development reached a high level (I > 300), the water network connection project, dredging project, exogenous pollutant control, and sewage pipe network renovation since 2009 were critical measures to improve water quality for a long time. Due to the lag effect on improving water quality, the implementation of environmental protection measures should be synchronized with or even before urban construction. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the urban lake water environment protection in the process of urban development.
城市发展对封闭湖泊水质的演变有积极和消极两方面的影响。本研究旨在定量分析一个典型城市湖泊（沙湖）在城市发展过程中的水质演变。通过计算土地利用程度综合指数（I）来揭示城市发展水平；采用水质指数（S）和富营养化指数（T），运用模糊综合定量评价（FCQA）方法评价水质变化。将沙湖流域 2000-2018 年的城市建设过程和水质变化分为三个阶段：（1）2000-2006 年，随着城市发展缓慢，水质保持稳定，富营养化程度略有改善；（2）2007-2009 年，I 迅速增加到 300，S 和 T 分别从 90.62 增加到 92.83 和从 75.06 增加到 87.52，水质恶化是由于未能及时采取环境保护措施；（3）2010-2018 年，尽管城市发展达到高水平（I＞300），但自 2009 年以来实施的水网连接工程、疏浚工程、外源污染物控制和污水管网改造等措施对水质的改善具有长期影响。由于改善水质的滞后效应，环境保护措施的实施应与城市建设同步进行，甚至应先于城市建设进行。研究结果可为城市发展过程中城市湖泊水环境的保护提供科学依据。
