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气象和土地利用参数对农业景观中昆虫多样性的重要性。

Importance of meteorological and land use parameters for insect diversity in agricultural landscapes.

机构信息

University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic.

University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Oct 15;791:148159. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148159. Epub 2021 May 31.

Abstract

Human-induced climate and land-use changes are important factors influencing global insect diversity. Nevertheless, the influence of weather on biodiversity is still relatively rarely studied. Grassland insects may be the taxon that is most affected by changing weather. We focused on the influence of weather and land-use management on butterflies in hayed meadows in the Czech Republic. During two consecutive years (2019-2020), we studied nearly 300 independent meadows. The abundance of butterflies was more influenced by the weather than their species richness. We observed positive and mainly linear effects of increasing vegetation temperatures. One very influential variable was the light intensity, which had a nonlinear effect that promoted butterflies under direct sunlight. The humidity had mainly moderate, nonlinear effects. Surprisingly, the wind had only a small effect. We observed important effects of the flowering intensity and vegetation height on the butterfly species richness and abundance regarding land use. Marginal woody vegetation cover had a positive effect on the butterfly abundance, and management had little effect. We concluded that weather and land use had important effects on butterflies. Based on our research, we recommended the reconsideration of scientific studies and monitoring programs for insects concerning the temperature threshold (≥ 25 °C) and the consideration of light intensity as an important factor. Applying a detailed approach to measuring the flowering intensity is likely unnecessary, while meadow land-use parameters appear to be necessary for insect populations.

摘要

人为引起的气候变化和土地利用变化是影响全球昆虫多样性的重要因素。然而,天气对生物多样性的影响仍然相对较少被研究。草原昆虫可能是受气候变化影响最大的生物类群。我们专注于研究天气和土地利用管理对捷克干草甸蝴蝶的影响。在连续两年(2019-2020 年)的时间里,我们研究了近 300 个独立的草甸。蝴蝶的丰度受天气的影响大于物种丰富度。我们观察到植被温度升高的积极且主要是线性的影响。一个非常有影响力的变量是光照强度,它对直射阳光下的蝴蝶有非线性的促进作用。湿度主要有适度的非线性影响。令人惊讶的是,风的影响很小。我们观察到开花强度和植被高度对蝴蝶物种丰富度和丰度的重要土地利用效应。边缘木本植被覆盖对蝴蝶丰度有积极影响,而管理的影响较小。我们得出结论,天气和土地利用对蝴蝶有重要影响。基于我们的研究,我们建议重新考虑有关昆虫的科学研究和监测计划,包括温度阈值(≥25°C)和光照强度作为一个重要因素。应用详细的方法来测量开花强度可能是不必要的,而草地土地利用参数似乎对昆虫种群是必要的。

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