Photon-recycling effect in perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a Monte Carlo study.

Photon recycling has been shown to play an important role in the optoelectronic properties and device performance of perovskite solar cells recently. However, there lacks an analytical method to accurately predict the dynamics of charge carriers and photons and the device performance with photon recycling due to the complexity of multiple electron-photon conversion processes involved in photon recycling. We propose a model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method that combines charge carrier diffusion and photon radiation transport to analyze the effects of photon recycling on electron-photon dynamics and device performance of perovskite solar cells. We show that the carrier lifetime can be significantly boosted by photon recycling in the radiative limit, which yields a 37 meV increase in the open-circuit voltage for a 500 nm thick perovskite solar cell. Our results provide insights for the working mechanisms of perovskite solar cells, and the new model can be further applied to other types of solar cells with photon recycling.