School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
Jiangsu Longhuan Environmental Science Co. LTD, Changzhou, 213164, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Sep;279:130927. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130927. Epub 2021 May 17.
Chitosan has received widespread attention as an adsorbent for pollutants because of its low cost and great adsorption potentials. Chitosan has abundant hydroxyl and amino groups that can bind heavy metal ions. However, it has defects such as sensitivity to pH, low thermal stability, and low mechanical strength, which limit the application of chitosan in wastewater treatment. The functional groups of chitosan can be modified to improve its performance via crosslinking and graft modification. The porosity and specific surface area of chitosan in powder form are not ideal, therefore, physical modification has been attempted to generate chitosan nanoparticles and hydrogel. Chitosan has also been integrated with other materials (e.g. graphene, zeolite) resulting in composite materials with improved adsorption performance. This review mainly focuses on reports about the application of chitosan and its derivatives to remove different heavy metals. The preparation strategy, adsorption mechanism, and factors affecting the adsorption performance of adsorbents for each type of heavy metal are discussed in detail. Recent reports on important organic pollutants (dyes and phenol) removal by chitosan and its derivatives are also briefly discussed.
壳聚糖作为一种吸附剂，因其成本低、吸附潜力大而受到广泛关注。壳聚糖含有丰富的羟基和氨基，可以与重金属离子结合。然而，壳聚糖存在对 pH 值敏感、热稳定性低、机械强度低等缺陷，限制了其在废水处理中的应用。通过交联和接枝改性，可以修饰壳聚糖的官能团，以改善其性能。壳聚糖粉末的孔隙率和比表面积不理想，因此，人们尝试进行物理改性，生成壳聚糖纳米粒子和水凝胶。壳聚糖还与其他材料（如石墨烯、沸石）结合，形成具有改善吸附性能的复合材料。本文主要综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在去除不同重金属方面的应用。详细讨论了每种重金属吸附剂的制备策略、吸附机制以及影响吸附性能的因素。还简要讨论了壳聚糖及其衍生物去除重要有机污染物（染料和苯酚）的最新报道。
