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显微镜和化学分析表明,绒毛状纤维是从 Dionysia tapetodes 的腺毛微米级孔中挤出的,其主要成分为黄酮类化合物。

Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes.

机构信息

The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.

Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Jun 17;21(1):258. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dionysia tapetodes, a small cushion-forming mountainous evergreen in the Primulaceae, possesses a vast surface-covering of long silky fibres forming the characteristic "woolly" farina. This contrasts with some related Primula which instead form a fine powder. Farina is formed by specialized cellular factories, a type of glandular trichome, but the precise composition of the fibres and how it exits the cell is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of cell biology (electron and light microscopy) and analytical chemical techniques, we present the principal chemical components of the wool and its mechanism of exit from the glandular trichome.

RESULTS

We show the woolly farina consists of micron-diameter fibres formed from a mixture of flavone and substituted flavone derivatives. This contrasts with the powdery farina, consisting almost entirely of flavone. The woolly farina in D. tapetodes is extruded through specific sites at the surface of the trichome's glandular head cell, characterised by a small complete gap in the plasma membrane, cell wall and cuticle and forming a tight seal between the fibre and hole. The data is consistent with formation and thread elongation occurring from within the cell.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest the composition of the D. tapetodes farina dictates its formation as wool rather than powder, consistent with a model of thread integrity relying on intermolecular H-bonding. Glandular trichomes produce multiple wool fibres by concentrating and maintaining their extrusion at specific sites at the cell cortex of the head cell. As the wool is extensive across the plant, there may be associated selection pressures attributed to living at high altitudes.

摘要

背景

报春花科矮小垫状常绿植物 Dionysia tapetodes 具有大面积覆盖的长丝状纤维,形成特征性的“毛茸茸”花粉。这与一些相关的报春花形成的细粉形成鲜明对比。花粉由专门的细胞工厂(一种腺毛)形成,但纤维的确切组成及其离开细胞的方式知之甚少。在这里,我们使用细胞生物学(电子和光学显微镜)和分析化学技术的组合,展示了羊毛的主要化学成分及其从腺毛中逸出的机制。

结果

我们表明,毛茸茸的花粉由黄酮和取代的黄酮衍生物混合物组成的微米直径纤维组成。这与粉状花粉形成鲜明对比,粉状花粉几乎完全由黄酮组成。D. tapetodes 的毛茸茸花粉通过腺毛的头部细胞表面的特定部位挤出,其特征是质膜、细胞壁和角质层上有一个小的完整间隙,纤维和孔之间形成紧密的密封。数据与在细胞内发生的形成和线伸长一致。

结论

我们的结果表明,D. tapetodes 花粉的组成决定了其形成是羊毛而不是粉末,这与依赖于分子间氢键的线完整性模型一致。腺毛通过在头部细胞皮层的特定部位浓缩和保持其挤出,产生多个羊毛纤维。由于羊毛在整个植物中广泛存在,因此可能存在与高海拔生活相关的选择压力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3188/8210372/a34c173d35e6/12870_2021_3010_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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