社会对冲动暴力罪犯治疗的偏好：一项离散选择实验。
Societal preferences for the treatment of impulsive-violent offenders: a discrete choice experiment.
机构信息
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 Jun 16;11(6):e033935. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033935.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to quantify societal preferences for, and assess trade-offs between characteristics of treatment programmes for impulsive-violent offenders.
SETTING
The study was conducted in New South Wales, Australia's largest state.
PARTICIPANTS
The study participants were income tax payers, aged over 18 and who were able to provide informed consent.
METHODS
A discrete choice experiment was used to assess the preferences for treatment programmes for impulsive violent offenders. The survey presented participants with six choice sets in which they chose between two unlabelled treatment scenarios and a 'no treatment' choice. A random parameters logistic (RPL) model and a latent class (LC) model were used to analyse the societal preferences for treatment and estimate willingness to pay values based on marginal rates of substitution. Respondents were asked to self-identify if they ever had experiences with violence and subgroup analysis was done.
RESULTS
The survey was completed by 1021 highly engaged participants. The RPL model showed that society had a preference for more effective programmes, programmes that provided full as opposed to partial treatment of all co-occurring health conditions, compulsory over voluntary programmes, those with flexibility in appointments and programmes that are provided with continuity of care postprison. Respondents were willing to pay an additional annual tax contribution for all significant attributes, particularly compulsory programmes, continuity of treatment and effectiveness.The LC model identified two classes of respondents with some differences in preferences which could be largely identified by whether they had experiences with violence or not.
CONCLUSION
The results are important for future programme design and implementation. Programmes for impulsive violent offenders that are designed to encompass societal preferences are likely to be supported by public and tax payers.
目的
本研究旨在量化社会对冲动暴力罪犯治疗方案特征的偏好，并评估这些特征之间的权衡取舍。
背景
该研究在澳大利亚最大的州新南威尔士州进行。
参与者
研究参与者为所得税纳税人，年龄在 18 岁以上，能够提供知情同意书。
方法
采用离散选择实验评估冲动暴力罪犯治疗方案的偏好。该调查向参与者提出了六个选择组，其中他们在两个未标记的治疗方案和“不治疗”选择之间进行选择。随机参数逻辑（RPL）模型和潜在类别（LC）模型用于分析社会对治疗的偏好，并根据边际替代率估计支付意愿值。要求受访者自行确定是否有过暴力经历，并进行了亚组分析。
结果
共有 1021 名高度参与的受访者完成了调查。RPL 模型显示，社会更倾向于选择更有效的方案，即提供全面而非部分治疗所有并发健康状况的方案，选择强制性而非自愿性方案，选择有预约灵活性和提供监狱后持续治疗的方案。受访者愿意为所有重要属性支付额外的年度税款，特别是强制性方案、治疗的连续性和有效性。LC 模型确定了两类具有不同偏好的受访者，这些偏好的差异主要可以通过他们是否有过暴力经历来识别。
结论
研究结果对于未来的方案设计和实施具有重要意义。旨在满足社会偏好的冲动暴力罪犯治疗方案可能会得到公众和纳税人的支持。
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