Wen Wen, Yun Sonmin, Yamashita Atsushi, Northcutt Brandon D, Asama Hajime
Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Toyota Research Institute, One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 2;12:643516. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643516. eCollection 2021.
Driving assistance technology has gained traction in recent years and is becoming more widely used in vehicles. However, drivers usually experience a reduced sense of agency when driving assistance is active even though automated assistance improves driving performance by reducing human error and ensuring quick reactions. The present study examined whether driving assistance can maintain human sense of agency during early deceleration in the face of collision risk, compared with manual deceleration. In the experimental task, participants decelerate their vehicle in a driving simulator to avoid collision with a vehicle that suddenly cut in front of them and decelerated. In the assisted condition, the system performed deceleration 100 ms after the cut-in. Participants were instructed to decelerate their vehicle and follow the vehicle that cut-in. This design ensured that the deceleration assistance applied a similar control to the vehicle as the drivers intended to, only faster and smoother. Participants rated their sense of agency and their driving performance. The results showed that drivers maintained their sense of agency and improved driving performance under driving assistance. The findings provided insights into designing driving assistance that can maintain drivers' sense of agency while improving future driving performance. It is important to establish a mode of joint-control in which the system shares the intention of human drivers and provides improved execution of control.
近年来,驾驶辅助技术越来越受到关注,并在车辆中得到更广泛的应用。然而,即使自动辅助通过减少人为失误和确保快速反应来提高驾驶性能,但在驾驶辅助启动时,驾驶员通常会体验到一种能动性降低的感觉。本研究考察了与手动减速相比,在面临碰撞风险时的早期减速过程中,驾驶辅助能否维持人类的能动性。在实验任务中,参与者在驾驶模拟器中对车辆进行减速,以避免与突然切入前方并减速的车辆相撞。在辅助条件下,系统在车辆切入后100毫秒执行减速。参与者被指示对自己的车辆进行减速,并跟随切入的车辆。这种设计确保了减速辅助对车辆施加的控制与驾驶员的意图相似,只是更快、更平稳。参与者对自己的能动性和驾驶性能进行了评分。结果表明,在驾驶辅助下,驾驶员保持了他们的能动性,并提高了驾驶性能。这些发现为设计驾驶辅助提供了见解,即在提高未来驾驶性能的同时,能够维持驾驶员的能动性。建立一种系统共享人类驾驶员意图并提供更好控制执行的联合控制模式很重要。