The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Infect Immun. 2021 Sep 16;89(10):e0072820. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00728-20. Epub 2021 Jun 21.
Malaria infects millions of people every year, and despite recent advances in controlling disease spread, such as vaccination, it remains a global health concern. The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has long been acknowledged as a key target in antimalarial immunity. Leveraging the DNA vaccine platform against this formidable pathogen, the following five synthetic DNA vaccines encoding variations of CSP were designed and studied: 3D7, GPI1, ΔGPI, TM, and DD2. Among the single CSP antigen constructs, a range of immunogenicity was observed with ΔGPI generating the most robust immunity. In an intravenous (i.v.) sporozoite challenge, the best protection among vaccinated mice was achieved by ΔGPI, which performed almost as well as the monoclonal antibody 311 (MAb 311) antibody control. Further analyses revealed that ΔGPI develops high-molecular-weight multimers in addition to monomeric CSP. We then compared the immunity generated by ΔGPI versus synDNA mimics for the antimalaria vaccines RTS,S and R21. The anti-CSP antibody responses induced were similar among these three immunogens. T cell responses demonstrated that ΔGPI induced a more focused anti-CSP response. In an infectious mosquito challenge, all three of these constructs generated inhibition of liver-stage infection as well as immunity from blood-stage parasitemia. This study demonstrates that synDNA mimics of complex malaria immunogens can provide substantial protection as can a novel synDNA vaccine ΔGPI.
疟疾每年感染数百万人,尽管近年来在控制疾病传播方面取得了进展,如疫苗接种,但它仍然是全球关注的健康问题。环子孢子蛋白(CSP)长期以来一直被认为是抗疟免疫的关键靶标。利用针对这种强大病原体的 DNA 疫苗平台,设计并研究了以下五种编码 CSP 变体的合成 DNA 疫苗:3D7、GPI1、ΔGPI、TM 和 DD2。在单一 CSP 抗原构建体中,观察到了不同的免疫原性,其中ΔGPI 产生了最强大的免疫。在静脉内(i.v.)孢子虫挑战中,接种疫苗的小鼠中最好的保护是由ΔGPI 实现的,其效果几乎与单克隆抗体 311(MAb 311)抗体对照一样好。进一步的分析表明,ΔGPI 除了单体 CSP 外,还形成高分子量多聚体。然后,我们比较了 ΔGPI 与抗疟疾疫苗 RTS,S 和 R21 的 synDNA 模拟物产生的免疫。这三种免疫原诱导的抗 CSP 抗体反应相似。T 细胞反应表明,ΔGPI 诱导了更集中的抗 CSP 反应。在感染性蚊子挑战中,这三种构建体都能抑制肝期感染,并能防止血期寄生虫血症。这项研究表明,复杂疟疾免疫原的 synDNA 模拟物可以提供实质性的保护,就像新型 synDNA 疫苗 ΔGPI 一样。
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