Teitelman G, Baker H, Joh T H, Reis D J
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):509-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.509.
We sought to determine, in rat embryo, when and at what site in their migration cells derived from the neural crest differentiate into sympathetic neuroblasts. This has been accomplished by immunocytochemical detection, within the cells, of the enzymes catalyzing catecholamine biosynthesis-tyrosine hydroxylase [TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] dopamine-beta-hydroxylase [DBH; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1)]-and, as a marker of prospective adrenal medullary cells, the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.28). TH and DBH, not detected in the neural crest, appear almost simultaneously in cells of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia in 11-day-old embryos, and in abdominal and lumbar ganglia 1-2 days later, thereby exhibiting a characteristic rostral-caudal gradient of differentiation. Cells stained for TH and DBH are seen in the gut wall from day 11 to day 14, but not thereafter. Cells stained for TH and DBH appear in the adrenal anlage at day 15. However, PNMT is not detected in the adrenal until day 17 of development, and is present only in the sympathoblasts in contact with the adrenal cortex. Treatment of pregnant rats with dexamethasone failed to accelerate the appearance of PNMT in the embryo or to initiate its expression in cells of other sympathetic organs. We conclude that neural crest cells express a noradrenergic phenotype only after leaving the neural crest and that these cells are labile with respect to their neurotransmitter and are capable of transformation in response to environmental stimuli.
我们试图确定在大鼠胚胎中，神经嵴来源的迁移细胞何时以及在何处分化为交感神经母细胞。这是通过免疫细胞化学检测来实现的，即在细胞内检测催化儿茶酚胺生物合成的酶——酪氨酸羟化酶[TH；酪氨酸3-单加氧酶，L-酪氨酸，四氢生物蝶呤：氧氧化还原酶（3-羟化），EC 1.14.16.2]、多巴胺β-羟化酶[DBH；3,4-二羟基苯乙胺，抗坏血酸：氧氧化还原酶（β-羟化），EC 1.14.17.1]——以及作为预期肾上腺髓质细胞标志物的苯乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶（PNMT；S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸：苯乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶，EC 2.1.1.28）。在神经嵴中未检测到的TH和DBH，几乎同时出现在11日龄胚胎胸交感神经节的细胞中，1 - 2天后出现在腹侧和腰交感神经节中，从而呈现出典型的头向尾的分化梯度。从第11天到第14天，在肠壁中可见TH和DBH染色的细胞，但之后则不可见。TH和DBH染色的细胞在第15天出现在肾上腺原基中。然而，直到发育第17天，肾上腺中才检测到PNMT，且仅存在于与肾上腺皮质接触的成神经细胞中。用地塞米松处理怀孕大鼠未能加速胚胎中PNMT的出现，也未能使其在其他交感器官的细胞中表达。我们得出结论，神经嵴细胞仅在离开神经嵴后才表达去甲肾上腺素能表型，并且这些细胞在神经递质方面不稳定，能够响应环境刺激而发生转化。
