School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Gaoxin Road No. 115 Wudang District, Guiyang, 550018, China.
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, Gaoxin Road No. 115 Wudang District, Guiyang, 550018, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov;28(43):60993-61007. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15039-2. Epub 2021 Jun 24.
Investigating the responses of retention and output of sulfur (S) is significant to understand the impact of atmospheric S deposition on the S cycling in soils and its environmental effects in the karst catchments of Southwest China. This study analyzed the contents and δS values of different S forms (total S, carbon-bonded S, ester-bonded SO, SO, and total reduced inorganic sulfur [TRIS]), the δS values of stream SO, the δC values of soil organic carbon, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) quantity in limestone soil and yellow soil profiles in a typical small karst catchment of Southwest China. The results showed that under the same acid deposition level, the limestone soil and yellow soil profiles are significantly different from the distribution of contents and δS values of different S forms and the number of SRB. At the same time, more than 70% of the SO in the stream water draining the sampling slopes came from soils at different depths in limestone soil and yellow soil profiles. These results indicate the different response of retention and output of S in the limestone soil and yellow soil to S deposition input. The organic S formation and dissimilatory SO reduction (DSR) to form TRIS are S retention processes that exist in both limestone soil and yellow soil profiles. There are processes of transport and accumulation of SO at the bottom layer in yellow soil profile; therefore, retaining S as absorbed SO is also a main S retention process in yellow soil. At present, the output of SO through stream water mainly comes from the deposited SO which undergoes DSR reaction driven by SRB, not from organic S mineralization and desorption of adsorbed SO in the limestone soil and yellow soil profiles. However, organic S is the main S form in limestone soil and yellow soil. After the annual S deposition flux is significantly reduced, organic S mineralization in limestone soil and yellow soil profiles may release a large amount of SO into the surface water.
研究硫（S）的保持和输出响应对于了解大气 S 沉降对土壤 S 循环的影响及其在西南喀斯特流域的环境效应具有重要意义。本研究分析了不同 S 形态（总 S、碳结合 S、酯结合 SO、SO 和总还原无机硫[TRIS]）的含量和 δS 值、溪流 SO 的 δS 值、土壤有机碳的 δC 值以及西南地区一个典型小喀斯特流域石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的数量。结果表明，在相同的酸沉降水平下，石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面在不同 S 形态的含量和 δS 值以及 SRB 数量的分布上存在显著差异。同时，从采样坡流出的溪流水中超过 70%的 SO 来自石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面不同深度的土壤。这些结果表明，石灰岩土壤和黄壤对 S 沉积输入的 S 保持和输出具有不同的响应。有机 S 的形成和异化 SO 还原（DSR）形成 TRIS 是石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面中存在的 S 保持过程。黄壤剖面底层存在 SO 传输和积累过程；因此，将 S 保持为吸收的 SO 也是黄壤中主要的 S 保持过程。目前，SO 通过溪流水的输出主要来自沉积的 SO，它在 SRB 驱动的 DSR 反应中发生，而不是来自石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面中有机 S 的矿化和吸附 SO 的解吸。然而，有机 S 是石灰岩土壤和黄壤的主要 S 形态。在每年 S 沉积通量显著减少后，石灰岩土壤和黄壤剖面中的有机 S 矿化可能会将大量 SO 释放到地表水。
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