Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Cancer Control. 2021 Jan-Dec;28:10732748211019138. doi: 10.1177/10732748211019138.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an excessive number of immature lymphocytes, including immature precursors of both B- and T cells. ALL affects children more often than adults. Immature lymphocytes lead to arrested differentiation and proliferation of cells. Its conventional treatments involve medication with dexamethasone, vincristine, and other anticancer drugs. Although the current first-line drugs can achieve effective treatment, they still cannot prevent the recurrence of some patients with ALL. Treatments have high risk of recurrence especially after the first remission. Currently, novel therapies to treat ALL are in need. Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in regulating cancer development. Autophagy involves degradation of proteins and organelles, and apoptosis leads to cell death. These phenomena are crucial in cancer progression. Past studies reported that many potential anticancer agents regulate intracellular signaling pathways.
The authors discuss the recent research findings on the role of autophagy and apoptosis in ALL.
The autophagy and apoptosis are widely used in the treatment of ALL. Most studies showed that many agents regulate autophagy and apoptosis in ALL cell models, clinical trials, and ALL animal models.
In summary, activating autophagy and apoptosis pathways are the main strategies for ALL treatments. For ALL, combining new drugs with traditional chemotherapy and glucocorticoids treatments can achieve the greatest therapeutic effect by activating autophagy and apoptosis.
急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是一种恶性疾病，其特征是不成熟的淋巴细胞数量过多，包括 B 细胞和 T 细胞的未成熟前体。ALL 更常发生于儿童，而非成人。不成熟的淋巴细胞导致细胞分化和增殖停滞。其常规治疗包括使用地塞米松、长春新碱和其他抗癌药物进行药物治疗。尽管目前的一线药物可以实现有效治疗，但仍无法预防某些 ALL 患者的复发。治疗后尤其是第一次缓解后，复发风险较高。目前，需要新型疗法来治疗 ALL。自噬和细胞凋亡在调节癌症发展中起着重要作用。自噬涉及蛋白质和细胞器的降解，而细胞凋亡则导致细胞死亡。这些现象在癌症进展中至关重要。过去的研究报告称，许多潜在的抗癌药物调节细胞内信号通路。
作者讨论了自噬和细胞凋亡在 ALL 中的作用的最新研究结果。
自噬和细胞凋亡广泛用于 ALL 的治疗。大多数研究表明，许多药物在 ALL 细胞模型、临床试验和 ALL 动物模型中调节自噬和细胞凋亡。
总之，激活自噬和细胞凋亡途径是 ALL 治疗的主要策略。对于 ALL，通过激活自噬和细胞凋亡，将新药与传统化疗和糖皮质激素治疗相结合，可以达到最大的治疗效果。
