Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Mol Ther. 2021 Dec 1;29(12):3410-3421. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.018. Epub 2021 Jun 24.
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate the cytolysis of transformed cells and are currently used as an adoptive cellular therapy to treat cancer. Infection with human cytomegalovirus has been shown to expand a subset of "adaptive" NK cells expressing the activation receptor NKG2C that have preferred functional attributes distinct from conventional NK cells. Because NKG2C delivers a strong activating signal to NK cells, we hypothesized that NKG2C could specifically trigger NK-cell-mediated antitumor responses. To elicit a tumor-directed response from NKG2C NK cells, we created an anti-NKG2C/IL-15/anti-CD33 killer engager called NKG2C-KE that directs NKG2C cells to target CD33 cells and tumor-associated antigen expressed by acute myelogenous leukemia cells. The NKG2C-KE induced specific degranulation, interferon-γ production, and proliferation of NKG2C-expressing NK cells from patients who reactivated cytomegalovirus after allogeneic transplantation. The NKG2C-KE was also tested in a more homogeneous system using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK (iNK) cells that have been engineered to express NKG2C at high levels. The NKG2C-KE triggered iNK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against CD33 cells and primary AML blasts. The NKG2C-KE-specific interaction with adaptive NK and NKG2C iNK cells represents a new immunotherapeutic paradigm that uniquely engages highly active NK cells to induce cytotoxicity against AML through redirected targeting.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞介导转化细胞的细胞溶解,并被当前用作过继细胞疗法来治疗癌症。已经表明,人类巨细胞病毒的感染会扩大表达激活受体 NKG2C 的“适应性”NK 细胞亚群,这些细胞具有与常规 NK 细胞不同的首选功能属性。由于 NKG2C 向 NK 细胞传递强烈的激活信号,我们假设 NKG2C 可以特异性触发 NK 细胞介导的抗肿瘤反应。为了从 NKG2C NK 细胞中引发肿瘤靶向反应,我们创建了一种称为 NKG2C-KE 的抗 NKG2C/IL-15/抗 CD33 杀伤嵌合受体,它指导 NKG2C 细胞靶向 CD33 细胞和急性髓系白血病细胞表达的肿瘤相关抗原。NKG2C-KE 诱导了同种异体移植后巨细胞病毒重新激活的患者中表达 NKG2C 的 NK 细胞的特异性脱颗粒、干扰素-γ 产生和增殖。还使用诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 衍生的 NK (iNK) 细胞在更同质的系统中测试了 NKG2C-KE,这些细胞经过工程改造以高水平表达 NKG2C。NKG2C-KE 触发 iNK 细胞对 CD33 细胞和原发性 AML 母细胞的细胞毒性。NKG2C-KE 与适应性 NK 和 NKG2C iNK 细胞的特异性相互作用代表了一种新的免疫治疗范例,该范例通过重新靶向独特地利用高度活跃的 NK 细胞来诱导针对 AML 的细胞毒性。
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