Aydın Yusuf
Nizip Vocational Training School Department of Plant and Animal Production Organic Farming Programme, Gaziantep University, Nizip, Gaziantep, Turkey.
PeerJ. 2021 Jun 9;9:e11571. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11571. eCollection 2021.
Evapotranspiration carries vital importance in areas with arid and semi-arid climate properties for many issues, including the planning of irrigation water as a scarce resource, the establishment of irrigation programs and conducting project design for drainage. The empirical equations used for determining plant water consumption are classified subject to the diversity of the utilized data. The Penman-Monteith method used frequently in many parts of the world as a standard method needs more climate data. Models that yield results that are similar to those of the standard method with less climate parameters are preferred due to their ease of use and wide impact. Temperature, relative humidity and radiation data for the years 2008-2017 were utilized to analyze the usability of the Hargreaves-Samani and Turc-1961 equations with regard to the estimation of reference evapotranspiration in four provinces located in Southeastern Anatolia Region. Results obtained via models were compared in pairs by way of the standard method in order to define the performance of the models. While the best performances were obtained from the comparison with the standard method and Hargreaves-Samani value pair, the comparison of the standard model with Turc displayed the lowest performance. Based on the study data, ET values were higher in the provinces analyzed, thus displaying a lower performance. While maximum long term annual monthly average ET value was identified as 7.6 mm at Diyarbakır in July, whereas the lowest value was determined at Kilis with 5.8 mm; the highest and lowest ET values were obtained in the same month at Diyarbakır and Kilis with 13.3 and 10.3 mm respectively. It was calculated based on the long term average annual total ET values that while highest ET was calculated at Diyarbakır with 1,500 mm, whereas the lowest value was calculated at Batman with 1,183 mm. The highest value for ET was obtained at Diyarbakır with 2,365 mm while Mardin had the lowest ET value with 1,920 mm. Accordingly, based on the ET values calculated at both cities studies based on both models, Diyarbakır had the highest values, whereas Kilis had the lowest ET values. According to the standard method known as PM, lowest daily ET values were calculated in all provinces, which displayed the highest performance among the models. As a result of this study, it is possible to use the Hargreaves-Samani model instead of the standard model in the absence of reliable climatic data.
对于干旱和半干旱气候地区的许多问题而言，蒸散作用至关重要，这些问题包括作为稀缺资源的灌溉用水规划、灌溉计划的制定以及排水项目设计。用于确定植物耗水量的经验方程根据所使用数据的多样性进行分类。彭曼-蒙特斯方法作为一种标准方法在世界许多地区经常使用，但需要更多的气候数据。由于使用方便且影响广泛，那些使用较少气候参数就能得出与标准方法类似结果的模型更受青睐。利用2008 - 2017年的温度、相对湿度和辐射数据，分析了哈格里夫斯-萨马尼方程和Turc - 1961方程在安纳托利亚东南部地区四个省份参考蒸散量估算方面的可用性。通过模型获得的结果通过标准方法进行成对比较，以确定模型的性能。与标准方法和哈格里夫斯-萨马尼值对进行比较时获得了最佳性能，而标准模型与Turc的比较显示性能最低。根据研究数据，所分析省份的蒸散量值较高，因此性能较低。7月在迪亚巴克尔确定的长期年每月平均蒸散量最大值为7.6毫米，而在基利斯确定的最小值为5.8毫米；在迪亚巴克尔和基利斯分别于同月获得最高和最低蒸散量值，分别为13.3毫米和10.3毫米。根据长期平均年总蒸散量值计算得出，迪亚巴克尔的蒸散量最高，为1500毫米，而巴特曼的最低，为1183毫米。迪亚巴克尔的蒸散量最高值为2365毫米，而马尔丁的蒸散量最低值为1920毫米。因此，根据基于两种模型在两个城市的研究计算得出的蒸散量值，迪亚巴克尔的值最高，而基利斯的蒸散量值最低。根据称为PM的标准方法，所有省份计算出的每日蒸散量最低值在各模型中表现出最高性能。这项研究的结果表明，在缺乏可靠气候数据的情况下，可以使用哈格里夫斯-萨马尼模型代替标准模型。
