马来西亚的乳腺癌筛查：政策回顾。
Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia: A Policy Review.
机构信息
Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiaa.
Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Melaka, Malaysia.
出版信息
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2021 Jun 1;22(6):1685-1693. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1685.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among Malaysian women. The implementation of prevention measures including screening has the potential to reduce the burden of breast cancer which caused by late presentation.
AIMS
This paper aimed to review the public health policy relating to breast cancer screening in Malaysia that was undertaken in order to contribute to policy development regarding cancer prevention, detection and the improvement of services for Malaysian women.
METHODS
The policy review strategy included a specific search of the website of the Ministry of Health in Malaysia for relevant policies. In addition, we searched Google and Pubmed for breast cancer screening programmes, policies, and guidelines for women in Malaysia. In addition, experts and stakeholders provided additional resources, published in Malay language. Relevant guidelines in the Malay language were translated into English and included the document review.
RESULTS
The policy analysis indicated that although it is known that screening, early detection and diagnosis improve survival rates, delayed diagnosis remains a significant issue. The Ministry of Health policy stipulates the provision of opportunistic mammography screening. However, the uptake is varied, and implementation is challenging due to a lack of awareness about screening and difficulties related to accessing services, especially in rural areas. The establishment and implementation of referral guidelines is essential to receive timely treatment for breast cancer patients. There is a need to enhance the cancer reporting by the doctors to the national cancer registry, in collaboration with government services and the private cancer-care sector to improve the monitoring and evaluation of cancer control policies and programmes.
CONCLUSION
A focus on raising awareness, increasing the accessibility of screening facilities and improving referral processes and the overall connectivity of the cancer care system are key steps to down-staging breast cancer in Malaysia.
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背景
乳腺癌是马来西亚女性癌症的主要病因。实施预防措施，包括筛查，有可能降低因晚期就诊而导致的乳腺癌负担。
目的
本文旨在回顾马来西亚有关乳腺癌筛查的公共卫生政策，为癌症预防、检测和改善马来西亚妇女服务的政策制定做出贡献。
方法
政策回顾策略包括在马来西亚卫生部网站上专门搜索相关政策。此外，我们还在 Google 和 Pubmed 上搜索了马来西亚妇女的乳腺癌筛查计划、政策和指南。此外，专家和利益攸关方提供了其他资源，这些资源以马来语出版。相关的马来语指南被翻译成英文并包括在文件审查中。
结果
政策分析表明，尽管已知筛查、早期发现和诊断可提高生存率，但诊断延迟仍然是一个重大问题。卫生部的政策规定提供机会性乳房 X 光筛查。然而，由于对筛查缺乏认识以及获取服务的困难（特别是在农村地区），使用率参差不齐，实施也具有挑战性。建立和实施转诊指南对于及时治疗乳腺癌患者至关重要。需要加强医生向国家癌症登记处报告癌症的情况，与政府服务和私营癌症护理部门合作，以改善癌症控制政策和方案的监测和评估。
结论
提高认识、增加筛查设施的可及性、改善转诊流程以及提高癌症护理系统的整体连通性，是马来西亚降期乳腺癌的关键步骤。
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