Natl Health Stat Report. 2021 Jun(157):1-18.
Background-Regular screening tests can lead to early detection of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, when treatment is likely to be more effective. This study examines and compares sociodemographic, health status, and health behavior patterns of screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer among women aged 45 and over in the United States. Methods-This study is based on data from the 2015 and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Women were considered to have received colorectal cancer screening if they reported having one of the following: a) report of a home fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the past year, b) sigmoidoscopy procedure in the past 5 years with FOBT in the past 3 years, or c) colonoscopy in the past 10 years. Women were considered to have received breast cancer screening if they had a mammogram within the past 2 years. Women were considered to have received cervical cancer screening if they reported having a Pap smear in the past 3 years. Cancer screening was analyzed by sociodemographic, health status, health behavior, and health care use characteristics. Results-Among women aged 45 and over, higher percentages of screening were associated with higher socioeconomic status, being married or living with a partner, and healthy behaviors such as not smoking, participating in physical activity, and receiving a flu shot. Conclusion-Differences in screening identified in this study are generally consistent with previous studies on screening for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers for women at average risk and within the age groups recommended for screening. The results of this study support other findings showing the persistence of disparities in cancer screening among women aged 45 and over according to most of the selected characteristics regardless of recommended age of screening.
背景-定期筛查试验可以早期发现乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌，从而提高治疗效果。本研究旨在探讨和比较美国 45 岁及以上女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌筛查的社会人口统计学、健康状况和健康行为模式。方法-本研究基于 2015 年和 2018 年全国健康访谈调查的数据。如果女性报告过去一年进行过家庭粪便潜血试验（FOBT）、过去 5 年进行过乙状结肠镜检查且过去 3 年进行过 FOBT 检查、或过去 10 年进行过结肠镜检查，则认为其接受了结直肠癌筛查。如果女性在过去 2 年内进行过乳房 X 光检查，则认为其接受了乳腺癌筛查。如果女性报告过去 3 年内进行过巴氏涂片检查，则认为其接受了宫颈癌筛查。根据社会人口统计学、健康状况、健康行为和医疗保健使用特征分析癌症筛查情况。结果-在 45 岁及以上的女性中，较高的筛查率与较高的社会经济地位、已婚或与伴侣同居以及不吸烟、参加体育活动和接种流感疫苗等健康行为相关。结论-本研究中发现的筛查差异与以往针对普通风险女性和推荐筛查年龄范围内的乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌筛查的研究结果基本一致。本研究结果支持其他研究结果，即无论推荐的筛查年龄如何，根据大多数选定特征，45 岁及以上女性的癌症筛查仍然存在差异。
