Malatya Turgut Özal University, Doğanşehir Vahap Küçük Vocational School, Department of Aquaculture, Malatya, Turkey.
Trakya University, Laboratory Technology Department, İpsala, Edirne, Turkey.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 15;287:117640. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117640. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
Gala Lake is an internationally important lake due to its location on one of the world's most important bird migration routes. For this reason, water quality of the lake is of great concern. However, the lake surrounded by paddy fields may face eutrophication and toxic metal contamination due to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, impact of paddy fields on water quality of the Gala Lake was investigated. The concentrations of metal(loid)s and physico-chemical parameters in surface water samples taken from the lake were measured and compared with water quality guidelines. Also, human health risks and contamination status of metal(loid)s were assessed. The mean NO, SRP and BOD concentrations in the lake exceeded the permissible levels for both salmonid and cyprinid waters. The mean BOD value indicated contaminated water quality in the lake, while mean COD and SRP values indicated lightly contaminated water quality. The mean As, Cr and Pb values in the winter exceeded the drinking water limits set by WHO and EC, while the mean Cr and Zn values exceeded the limit values for the protection of freshwater aquatic organisms set by USEPA. Similarly, heavy metal pollution index and the degree of contamination values in the winter indicated that the lake water is moderately polluted. Health risk assessment results revealed that As and Cr in the lake water via ingestion exposure pathway may pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to the residents. The results of this study indicated that paddy fields are a major source of nutrients, organic matter and toxic metal(loid)s to the Gala Lake. To improve the water quality of the lake, we suggest that excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides should be controlled to reduce metal(loid) and nutrient loads from the paddy fields.
由于位于世界最重要的鸟类迁徙路线之一，加利湖是一个具有国际重要意义的湖泊。因此，该湖的水质备受关注。然而，由于过度使用化肥和农药，环绕湖泊的稻田可能面临富营养化和有毒金属污染的问题。在本研究中，调查了稻田对加利湖水质的影响。测量了从湖中采集的地表水样本中的金属（类）浓度和理化参数，并与水质指南进行了比较。此外，还评估了人类健康风险和金属（类）的污染状况。湖中硝酸盐、总可溶性磷和生化需氧量的平均值均超过了鲑鱼和鲤鱼水的允许水平。湖水的平均生化需氧量值表明湖水水质受到污染，而平均化学需氧量和总可溶性磷值表明湖水水质受到轻度污染。冬季湖中砷、铬和铅的平均值超过了世界卫生组织和欧盟设定的饮用水限值，而铬和锌的平均值超过了美国环保署设定的保护淡水水生生物的限值。同样，冬季重金属污染指数和污染程度值表明湖水受到中度污染。健康风险评估结果表明，通过摄入暴露途径，湖中砷和铬可能对居民造成非致癌和致癌健康风险。本研究结果表明，稻田是加利湖营养物质、有机物和有毒金属（类）的主要来源。为了改善湖水水质，我们建议控制化肥和农药的过度使用，以减少来自稻田的金属（类）和营养物负荷。
