Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil.
Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente & Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Nov 1;793:148506. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148506. Epub 2021 Jun 18.
Considering the large occurrence of anthropogenic Gd concentrations in natural waters, its continuous usage increase in technology developments and products and the lack of data on potential Gd human exposure due to ingestion of contaminated waters, it is urgently needed to understand how gadolinium contrast agents (Gd-CAs) reacts in the human digestive system. Here, we aimed to identify through in vitro bioaccessibility tests whether Gd-CAs can be potentially assimilated by humans after oral uptake and if there is a significant difference between contrast agents. We also roughly estimated the potential bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Gd for tap waters worldwide. Gd-CAs are highly bioaccessible (77 to 112%). The macrocyclic complexes pose the highest potential risk, because there are more stable than linear complexes in the gastrointestinal tract and, as such, tend to remain in solution and thus might bring Gd at the intestinal barrier making it potentially bioavailable. The estimated range of potential intake of Gd varied from 13 to 4839 μg in a lifespan of 70 years. The high bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Gd in tap waters calls for appropriate actions to develop better practices to treat wastewater contaminated by Gd-CAs in order to safeguard population and ecosystem health.
考虑到天然水中人为 Gd 浓度的大量存在，其在技术发展和产品中的使用不断增加，以及由于摄入受污染的水而导致潜在的 Gd 人体暴露的数据缺乏，因此迫切需要了解镝系元素造影剂 (Gd-CAs) 在人体消化系统中的反应。在这里，我们旨在通过体外生物可及性测试来确定 Gd-CAs 经过口服摄取后是否可以被人体潜在吸收，以及造影剂之间是否存在显著差异。我们还粗略估计了全世界自来水中人为 Gd 的潜在生物可及性。Gd-CAs 的生物可及性很高（77% 到 112%）。大环络合物构成了最高的潜在风险，因为它们在胃肠道中比线性络合物更稳定，因此往往保持在溶液中，从而使 Gd 到达肠壁，使其具有潜在的生物利用度。在 70 年的寿命内，通过摄入 Gd 的潜在摄入量范围从 13 到 4839μg 不等。自来水中人为 Gd 的高生物可及性需要采取适当的行动，制定更好的实践方法来处理受 Gd-CAs 污染的废水，以保护人口和生态系统健康。
