Crosland R D
Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Sep;246(3):992-5.
Antivenoms are the currently available agents for treatment of snake venom intoxication. The development of therapeutic strategies employing more generally available drugs could improve treatment of invenomation by reducing hypersensitivity reactions, cost and storage requirements. I report that chloroquine reduced the toxicity in mice of the venom from the Formosan krait, Bungarus multicinctus, when both venom and drug were administered i.p. When chloroquine was injected immediately after the injection of venom, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the venom was increased 5-fold from 19 to 95 micrograms/kg. Investigation of chloroquine's effect on the purified neurotoxic components of B. multicinctus venom revealed that chloroquine increased the LD50 of beta-bungarotoxin 17-fold, from 7.8 to 134 micrograms/kg but had little effect on the LD50 of alpha-bungarotoxin. Chloroquine was an effective antagonist of the toxicity of B. multicinctus venom and of purified beta-bungarotoxin without itself being overtly toxic.
抗蛇毒血清是目前可用于治疗蛇毒中毒的药物。开发使用更普遍可得药物的治疗策略，可通过减少过敏反应、成本和储存要求来改善蛇咬伤中毒的治疗。我报告称，当腹腔注射毒液和药物时，氯喹可降低台湾眼镜蛇（Bungarus multicinctus）毒液对小鼠的毒性。在注射毒液后立即注射氯喹，毒液的半数致死剂量（LD50）从19微克/千克增加到95微克/千克，增加了5倍。对氯喹对台湾眼镜蛇毒液纯化神经毒性成分影响的研究表明，氯喹使β-银环蛇毒素的LD50从7.8微克/千克增加到134微克/千克，增加了17倍，但对α-银环蛇毒素的LD50影响很小。氯喹是台湾眼镜蛇毒液和纯化β-银环蛇毒素毒性的有效拮抗剂，其本身无明显毒性。
