Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico. Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Postdoctoral fellow, Instituto de Biología-UNAM, Departamento de Zoología, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico. .
Zootaxa. 2021 Jun 28;4992(1):1-89. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4992.1.1.
Adult external morphology of the extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae and Rhachiberothidae) is compared emphasizing the morphology of the subfamily Symphrasinae as a key group to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the superfamily. Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 is thoroughly characterized in order to exemplify the morphology of the Symphrasinae. Additionally, following a review of the literature and examination of comparative material of Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and all Mantispidae subfamilies, a new interpretation of the components of the raptorial apparatus (i.e., head, prothorax, grasping forelegs, as well as integumentary specializations) is presented. Also, wing venation for these groups is reinterpreted, and new homology hypotheses for wing venation are proposed based on tracheation and comparative analyses. Given the high morphological divergence on the genital sclerites within the Mantispoidea, plus the confusing previous usage of neutral terminology and terms referring to appendages across taxonomic and morphological studies, we attempt to standardize, simplify, and situate terminology in an evolutionary context under the "gonocoxite concept" (multi-coxopod hypothesis). The remarkable morphological similarity of the genital sclerites of Symphrasinae and Rhachiberothidae (sensu U. Aspöck Mansell 1994) with the Nallachinae (Dilaridae) was taken as a starting point to understand the morphology of other Mantispidae subfamilies. Based on these morphological comparisons, we provide a revised phylogenetic analysis of Mantispoidea. This new phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the family Rhachiberothidae, comprising Rhachiberothinae and Symphrasinae, and the family Mantispidae, including the subfamily Mantispinae and its sister taxa Drepanicinae and Calomantispinae, which may represent a single subfamily. Based on these analyses, raptorial condition probably evolved a single time in these insects and subsequently became diversified in the two sister clades of the raptorial Mantispoidea.
现生螳螂目（昆虫纲：脉翅目：螳蛉科和齿蛉科）的成年外部形态进行了比较，重点研究了作为理解超目成员之间系统发育关系关键类群的菱螳亚科的形态。详细描述了 Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939，以举例说明菱螳亚科的形态。此外，在对 Dilaridae、Berothidae、Rhachiberothidae 和所有螳蛉科亚科的文献进行综述和比较材料检查之后，提出了捕食器官（即头部、前胸、捕食前足以及体壁特化）组成部分的新解释。还重新解释了这些类群的翅膀脉序，并基于气管和比较分析提出了翅膀脉序的新同源假设。鉴于螳螂目中生殖器骨片的形态高度分化，加上在分类和形态学研究中对中性术语和指称附肢的术语的使用混乱，我们试图在“生殖突概念”（多肢基假说）下，将术语标准化、简化并置于进化背景中。菱螳亚科和齿蛉亚科（按 U. Aspöck Mansell 1994 的定义）与 Nallachinae（Dilaridae）的生殖器骨片的惊人相似形态被视为理解其他螳蛉科亚科形态的起点。基于这些形态比较，我们提供了螳螂目的修订系统发育分析。这种新的系统发育分析支持了 Rhachiberothidae 科（包括 Rhachiberothinae 和菱螳亚科）与 Mantispidae 科（包括 Mantispinae 及其姊妹类群 Drepanicinae 和 Calomantispinae）之间的姊妹群关系，这可能代表一个单一的亚科。基于这些分析，捕食状态可能在这些昆虫中仅进化了一次，随后在捕食性螳螂目的两个姊妹类群中多样化。
