Malo Juan E, Mata Cristina
Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM) Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain.
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Jun 2;11(12):7677-7684. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7600. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Wing area, wing loading, and aspect ratio are key variables for studies of avian comparative ecology, despite the complexity of measuring wing characteristics in living and museum specimens. The systematic databases of feather photographs available on the Internet may offer an alternative way of obtaining such morphometric data. Here, we evaluate whether measurements of scanned feathers from web photograph databases may offer reliable estimates of avian morphometry.Published data on wing area were obtained for 317 bird species and feather measurements from web photograph databases for 225 of them. A variable termed "lift generation area," a proxy for wing area, was calculated for each species on the basis of the mean length of the five distal secondary feathers and wingspan data from literature. The fit between this proposed variable and data extracted from the literature was examined by correlation, employing linear regression to explore the lack of fit among species."Lift generation area" proved to be highly informative as a proxy for wing area for the study species as a whole ( > .98). Discrepancies observed between species were strongly negatively associated with the size of the original sample used to calculate wing area ( = .001) and, to a lesser extent, with bird size ( = .023), but not with aspect ratio. It was also found that the mean value of the mismatch between "lift generation area" and wing area (13.1%) among the study species as a whole was of similar magnitude to that found between sources of bibliographic wing area data for the 64 species for which two published estimates of this variable were available (15.3%).We conclude that measurements made from feather photograph databases are reliable for use in studies of avian comparative ecology, enabling the inclusion of biomechanical parameters of many more species than featured at present.
翼面积、翼载荷和展弦比是鸟类比较生态学研究的关键变量,尽管在测量活体和博物馆标本的翅膀特征时存在复杂性。互联网上可用的羽毛照片系统数据库可能提供获取此类形态测量数据的替代方法。在这里,我们评估从网络照片数据库中扫描的羽毛测量值是否可以提供可靠的鸟类形态测量估计。我们获得了317种鸟类的已发表翼面积数据,并从网络照片数据库中获取了其中225种鸟类的羽毛测量值。根据文献中五个远端次级飞羽的平均长度和翼展数据,为每个物种计算了一个称为“升力产生面积”的变量,作为翼面积的替代指标。通过相关性检验,采用线性回归来探讨物种间拟合不足的情况,研究了这个提议的变量与从文献中提取的数据之间的拟合情况。“升力产生面积”被证明作为整个研究物种翼面积的替代指标具有很高的信息量(r > 0.98)。观察到的物种间差异与用于计算翼面积的原始样本大小强烈负相关(P = 0.001),在较小程度上与鸟类大小相关(P = 0.023),但与展弦比无关。还发现,整个研究物种中“升力产生面积”与翼面积之间不匹配的平均值(13.1%)与有两个该变量已发表估计值的64种鸟类的文献翼面积数据来源之间的不匹配平均值(15.3%)相似。我们得出结论,从羽毛照片数据库进行的测量对于鸟类比较生态学研究是可靠的,能够纳入比目前更多物种的生物力学参数。