Asghar Kashif, Farooq Asim, Zulfiqar Bilal, Loya Asif
Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
World J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jun 24;12(6):429-436. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.429.
Therapeutic manipulation of the immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunosuppression regulates antitumour immune responses. An immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediates tumour immune escape in various malignancies including breast cancer. IDO upregulation in breast cancer cells may lead to the recruitment of regulatory T (T-regs) cells into the tumour microenvironment, thus inhibiting local immune responses and promoting metastasis. Immunosuppression induced by myeloid derived suppressor cells activated in an IDO-dependent manner may enhance the possibility of immune evasion in breast cancer. IDO overexpression has independent prognostic significance in a subtype of breast cancer of emerging interest, basal-like breast carcinoma. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may have clinical implications in breast cancer. This review proposes future prospects of IDO not only as a therapeutic target but also as a valuable prognostic marker for breast cancer.
癌症中免疫系统的治疗性调控一直是肿瘤免疫学领域广泛研究的一个领域。免疫抑制调节抗肿瘤免疫反应。一种免疫抑制酶，吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）在包括乳腺癌在内的各种恶性肿瘤中介导肿瘤免疫逃逸。乳腺癌细胞中IDO的上调可能导致调节性T（T-regs）细胞募集到肿瘤微环境中，从而抑制局部免疫反应并促进转移。以IDO依赖方式激活的髓源性抑制细胞诱导的免疫抑制可能会增加乳腺癌免疫逃逸的可能性。IDO过表达在一种新出现的、备受关注的乳腺癌亚型——基底样乳腺癌中具有独立的预后意义。IDO抑制剂作为辅助治疗药物可能对乳腺癌具有临床意义。本综述提出了IDO不仅作为治疗靶点，而且作为乳腺癌有价值的预后标志物的未来前景。
