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新冠病毒抗体检测/疫苗接种证明:有一款应用程序可以搞定。

COVID-19 Antibody Test/Vaccination Certification: There's an App for That.

作者信息

Eisenstadt Marc, Ramachandran Manoharan, Chowdhury Niaz, Third Allan, Domingue John

机构信息

Knowledge Media InstituteThe Open UniversityMiltonKeynesMK7 6AAU.K.

出版信息

IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol. 2020 Jun 1;1:148-155. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2020.2999214. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

As the Coronavirus Pandemic of 2019/2020 unfolds, a COVID-19 'Immunity Passport' has been mooted as a way to enable individuals to return back to work. While the quality of antibody testing, the availability of vaccines, and the likelihood of even attaining COVID-19 immunity continue to be researched, we address the issues involved in providing tamper-proof and privacy-preserving certification for test results and vaccinations. We developed a prototype mobile phone app and requisite decentralized server architecture that facilitates instant verification of tamper-proof test results. Personally identifiable information is only stored at the user's discretion, and the app allows the end-user selectively to present only the specific test result with no other personal information revealed. The architecture, designed for scalability, relies upon (a) the 2019 World Wide Web Consortium standard called 'Verifiable Credentials', (b) Tim Berners-Lee's decentralized personal data platform 'Solid', and (c) a Consortium Ethereum-based blockchain. s: Our mobile phone app and decentralized server architecture enable the mixture of verifiability and privacy in a manner derived from public/private key pairs and digital signatures, generalized to avoid restrictive ownership of sensitive digital keys and/or data. Benchmark performance tests show it to scale linearly in the worst case, as significant processing is done locally on each app. For the test certificate Holder, Issuer (e.g. healthcare staff, pharmacy) and Verifier (e.g. employer), it is 'just another app' which takes only minutes to use. The app and decentralized server architecture offer a prototype proof of concept that is readily scalable, applicable generically, and in effect 'waiting in the wings' for the biological issues, plus key ethical issues raised in the discussion section, to be resolved.

摘要

随着2019/2020年冠状病毒大流行的展开,一种COVID-19“免疫护照”被提出来作为让个人能够重返工作岗位的一种方式。虽然抗体检测的质量、疫苗的可获得性以及甚至获得COVID-19免疫力的可能性仍在研究中,但我们解决了为检测结果和疫苗接种提供防篡改和保护隐私认证所涉及的问题。我们开发了一个原型手机应用程序和必要的去中心化服务器架构,便于即时验证防篡改的检测结果。个人身份信息仅在用户自行决定的情况下存储,并且该应用程序允许终端用户仅选择性地展示特定的检测结果,而不透露其他任何个人信息。该架构专为可扩展性而设计,依赖于:(a) 2019年万维网联盟标准“可验证凭证”;(b) 蒂姆·伯纳斯 - 李的去中心化个人数据平台“Solid”;以及(c) 基于以太坊联盟的区块链。我们的手机应用程序和去中心化服务器架构以源自公钥/私钥对和数字签名的方式实现了可验证性和隐私性的结合,并进行了推广以避免敏感数字密钥和/或数据的限制性所有权。基准性能测试表明,在最坏的情况下它呈线性扩展,因为大量处理是在每个应用程序本地完成的。对于检测证书持有者、颁发者(例如医护人员、药房)和验证者(例如雇主)来说,它“只是另一个应用程序”,使用起来只需几分钟。该应用程序和去中心化服务器架构提供了一个原型概念证明,易于扩展,具有普遍适用性,并且实际上在等待生物学问题以及讨论部分提出的关键伦理问题得到解决。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9594/8975174/90da2f136e96/domin1-2999214.jpg

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