School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Fudan University, No. 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Environ Health. 2021 Jun 30;20(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00760-9.
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal that mainly causes renal damage. There is a lack of research on the large-scale and systematic evaluation of the association between urinary Cd (U-Cd) and various effect biomarkers among Chinese residents.
Based on the establishment process of dietary Cd limit standards by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the dose-response relationships between U-Cd and four biomarkers, β-microglobulin (β-MG), N-acetyl-β-glucosidase (NAG), microalbumin (mALB), and retinol binding Protein (RBP) were explored, respectively. Toxicokinetic model was used to derive the dietary Cd exposure limit for Chinese residents after critical U-Cd concentration was calculated.
As the sensitive biomarkers of renal injury, β-MG and NAG were selected to estimate the 95% confidence interval lower limit of the U-Cd benchmark dose (BMDL) to be 3.07 and 2.98 μg/g Cr, respectively. Dietary Cd exposure limit was calculated to be 0.28 μg/kg bw/day (16.8 μg/day, based on the body weight of 60 kg), which was lower than the average Chinese Cd exposure (30.6 μg/day) by the China National Nutrient and Health Survey.
This study established an overall association between U-Cd and renal injury biomarkers, and explored the Chinese dietary Cd exposure limits, which helps improve Chinese Cd exposure risk assessment and provides a reference basis for formulating reasonable exposure standards.
镉（Cd）是一种常见的重金属，主要导致肾脏损伤。目前缺乏对中国居民尿镉（U-Cd）与各种效应生物标志物之间的大规模系统评估的研究。
基于欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）制定膳食镉限量标准的建立过程，分别探讨了 U-Cd 与四种生物标志物（β-微球蛋白（β-MG）、N-乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、微量白蛋白（mALB）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）之间的剂量-反应关系。采用毒代动力学模型，在计算出临界 U-Cd 浓度后，得出中国居民的膳食镉暴露限量。
作为肾脏损伤的敏感生物标志物，β-MG 和 NAG 被用来估计 U-Cd 基准剂量（BMDL）的 95%置信区间下限分别为 3.07 和 2.98μg/g Cr。膳食镉暴露限量计算为 0.28μg/kg bw/day（60kg 体重下为 16.8μg/天），低于中国全国营养与健康调查中中国居民的平均镉暴露量（30.6μg/天）。
本研究建立了 U-Cd 与肾脏损伤生物标志物之间的整体关联，并探讨了中国膳食镉暴露限量，有助于改善中国镉暴露风险评估，并为制定合理的暴露标准提供参考依据。
