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用木质素和聚醋酸乙烯酯生物共混物制备的缓释肥料。

Slow release fertilizer prepared with lignin and poly(vinyl acetate) bioblend.

机构信息

Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

出版信息

Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Aug 31;185:543-550. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.169. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Abstract

Controlled or slow release fertilizers have been recommended to enhance crop yield, while minimizing environmental and economic issues related from current fertilizer applications. However, alternative biodegradable and non-toxic coating material should be suggested to produce biocoated fertilizers. Here we propose the use of lignin and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) as biocoating materials for preparing slow release urea fertilizer. The blend of PVAc and lignin at a mass ratio of 75:25 improved the characteristics of the formed film and increased the nitrogen release time if compared to the pure polymers. The nitrogen release time from urea granules coated with a polymeric layer of 154.3 ± 5.5 μm formed by lignin and PVAc was 36 times greater than from bare urea. The increase in the polymeric coating from 52.6 ± 5.2 to 80.2 ± 6.1 μm decreased the curvature of the nitrogen release data by a factor of at least 1.7, while the curvature was decreased in at least 1.3 with the increase in the polymeric coating from 80.2 ± 6.1 to 158.9 ± 10.6 μm. The adjustment of nitrogen release data to the Peppas-Sahlin model indicated the Fickian diffusion is more predominant than relaxation contributions, since the used polymers did not present considerable swelling. Thus, the blending of PVAc and lignin at 25 wt% of lignin and 75 wt% of PVAc is suggested as a biocoating material for producing slow release fertilizers.

摘要

为了提高作物产量,同时尽量减少当前肥料应用带来的环境和经济问题,建议使用控释或缓释肥料。然而,应该提出替代可生物降解和无毒的涂层材料来生产生物涂层肥料。在这里,我们建议使用木质素和聚醋酸乙烯酯 (PVAc) 作为生物涂层材料来制备缓释尿素肥料。与纯聚合物相比,PVAc 和木质素的质量比为 75:25 的混合物改善了形成膜的特性,并增加了氮的释放时间。与裸露的尿素相比,用木质素和 PVAc 形成的聚合物层(厚度为 154.3 ± 5.5 μm)涂覆尿素颗粒的氮释放时间增加了 36 倍。聚合物涂层从 52.6 ± 5.2 μm 增加到 80.2 ± 6.1 μm 至少将氮释放数据的曲率降低了 1.7 倍,而聚合物涂层从 80.2 ± 6.1 μm 增加到 158.9 ± 10.6 μm 时曲率至少降低了 1.3 倍。通过将氮释放数据调整到 Peppas-Sahlin 模型表明,Fickian 扩散比松弛贡献更为主要,因为所用聚合物没有明显的溶胀。因此,建议将 PVAc 和木质素以 25 wt%木质素和 75 wt% PVAc 的比例混合作为生产缓释肥料的生物涂层材料。

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