Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Behav Brain Res. 2021 Sep 24;414:113435. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113435. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Adaptive behaviour is under the potent control of environmental cues. Such cues can acquire value by virtue of their associations with outcomes of motivational significance, be they appetitive or aversive. There are at least two ways through which an environmental cue can acquire value, through first-order and higher-order conditioning. In first-order conditioning, a neutral cue is directly paired with an outcome of motivational significance. In higher-order conditioning, a cue is indirectly associated with motivational events via a directly conditioned first-order stimulus. The present article reviews some of the associations that support learning in first- and higher-order conditioning, as well as the role of the BLA and the molecular mechanisms involved in these two types of learning.
适应行为受到环境线索的有力控制。这些线索可以通过与动机重要性结果的关联而获得价值，无论是正性的还是负性的。环境线索至少有两种方式获得价值，即通过一级和更高级条件作用。在一级条件作用中，中性线索直接与动机重要性结果配对。在更高级条件作用中，线索通过直接条件化的一级刺激间接地与动机事件相关联。本文综述了支持一级和更高级条件作用中学习的一些关联，以及 BLA 的作用和这两种学习类型所涉及的分子机制。
