Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Forensic Psychology Unit, Center for Applied Psychology, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 27;18(13):6898. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136898.
Bullying can have serious physical and emotional consequences. In recent years, interest in this phenomenon has been growing, becoming a public health problem in the first world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Action for Neutralization of Bullying Program (ANA) in Spanish children. This study used a quasi-experimental design that included a pre-test evaluation, 2 months of intervention, a post-test, and 3 months of follow-up. A sample of 330 children aged 7-12 years (M = 9.27; SD = 1.09) from third to sixth grade participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-nine were girls (48.2%). The program consisted of eight group sessions in which empathy, assertiveness, communication skills, conflict resolution, and group cohesion were worked on. The results showed statistically significant reductions in verbal abuse behaviors ( = 4.76, < 0.001), direct social exclusion ( = 3.53, < 0.001), threats ( = 2.04, = 0.042), aggression with objects ( = 3.21, < 0.001), and physical abuse ( = 4.41, < 0.001). The differences were not statistically significant for indirect social exclusion behaviors ( = 1.86, = 0.065) or cyberbullying ( = 0.31, = 0.756). The effects in the reduction of the bullying behaviors decreased after the implementation of the program, achieving even greater reduction in victimization behaviors after 3 months than immediately after the end of the program. These results indicate that the ANA program is effective in reducing bullying behaviors in a group of children. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
欺凌行为可能会带来严重的身心后果。近年来，人们对这一现象的兴趣日益浓厚，使其成为了发达国家的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估“中和欺凌行为计划”（ANA）对西班牙儿童的影响。本研究采用了准实验设计，包括前测评估、2 个月的干预、后测和 3 个月的随访。共有 330 名 7-12 岁（M = 9.27；SD = 1.09）的三至六年级儿童参与了研究。其中 159 名为女孩（48.2%）。该方案包括 8 个小组会议，内容涉及同理心、自信、沟通技巧、冲突解决和团队凝聚力。结果显示，言语虐待行为（ = 4.76， < 0.001）、直接社会排斥（ = 3.53， < 0.001）、威胁（ = 2.04， = 0.042）、使用物体攻击（ = 3.21， < 0.001）和身体虐待（ = 4.41， < 0.001）等行为均有显著减少。间接社会排斥行为（ = 1.86， = 0.065）和网络欺凌行为（ = 0.31， = 0.756）则无统计学意义。方案实施后，欺凌行为的减少效果减弱，而在方案结束后 3 个月，受害行为的减少幅度甚至大于方案结束时。这些结果表明，ANA 方案在减少一组儿童的欺凌行为方面是有效的。讨论了对实践和未来研究的启示。
