Messersmith Elizabeth M, Smerchek Dathan T, Hansen Stephanie L
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 27;11(7):1914. doi: 10.3390/ani11071914.
Growth-promoting technologies such as steroidal implants have been utilized in the beef industry for over 60 years and remain an indispensable tool for improving economic returns through consistently improved average daily gain via increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Zinc has been implicated in skeletal muscle growth through protein synthesis, satellite cell function, and many other growth processes. Therefore, the objective of this review was to present the available literature linking Zn to steroidal implant-induced protein synthesis and other metabolic processes. Herein, steroidal implants and their mode of action, the biological importance of Zn, and several connections between steroidal implants and Zn related to growth processes are discussed. These include the influence of Zn on hormone receptor signaling, circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis via mTOR, and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Supplemental Zn has also been implicated in improved growth rates of cattle utilizing growth-promoting technologies, and steroidal implants appear to alter liver and circulating Zn concentrations. Therefore, this review provides evidence of the role of Zn in steroidal implant-induced growth yet reveals gaps in the current knowledge base related to optimizing Zn supplementation strategies to best capture growth performance improvements offered through steroidal implants.
诸如类固醇植入物等促生长技术在牛肉行业已应用了60多年，并且仍然是通过增加骨骼肌肥大来持续提高平均日增重从而提高经济回报的不可或缺的工具。锌通过蛋白质合成、卫星细胞功能以及许多其他生长过程参与骨骼肌生长。因此，本综述的目的是呈现将锌与类固醇植入物诱导的蛋白质合成及其他代谢过程联系起来的现有文献。本文讨论了类固醇植入物及其作用方式、锌的生物学重要性以及类固醇植入物与锌在生长过程中的若干联系。这些联系包括锌对激素受体信号传导、循环胰岛素样生长因子-1浓度、葡萄糖代谢、通过mTOR的蛋白质合成以及卫星细胞增殖和分化的影响。补充锌也与利用促生长技术的牛生长速度提高有关，并且类固醇植入物似乎会改变肝脏和循环中的锌浓度。因此，本综述提供了锌在类固醇植入物诱导的生长中的作用的证据，但也揭示了当前知识库中与优化锌补充策略以最佳地获取类固醇植入物带来的生长性能改善相关的空白。
