Cwyl Maciej, Michalczyk Rafał, Wierzbicki Stanisław
Department of Concrete and Metal Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, PL 00-637 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Pavement Modeling and Railroad Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, PL 00-637 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 27;14(13):3594. doi: 10.3390/ma14133594.
This article describes the characteristics of one type of sealing system used in warm edge glazing units and analyses the possible causes of damage. Attention was focused on the performance of the dual seal, PIB/silicone system. This type of glazing is widely used for modern curtain walls and roofs of office buildings and shopping centres. Study was focused on PIB displacement defects, which affects both the appearance and thermal performance of the curtain wall system. Wide-ranging field surveys were conducted to examine the problems identified in some office buildings. The information gathered in this way was used to identify the critical areas and causes of seal displacement in the analysed insulating glass units (IGUs). Laboratory tests were conducted on PIB and silicone seals retrieved from the removed defective units. The properties of these materials were determined and used to evaluate the applied edge sealing system and build a representative numerical model. Due to the problems encountered in deriving accurate analytical formulas, finite element (FE) approximation was used as a problem solving tool. The generated FE model and strain analysis were the key parts to obtaining a true representation of the actual behaviour of IGUs subjected to various environmental loads, taking into account the influence of the air cavity. Results of computer simulations and laboratory tests were compared for model validation. The effect of changes in ambient pressure was examined, showing the development of tensile strains in the silicone and PIB, which can lead to debonding. The greatest principal strains occur at the silicone/butyl rubber interface and this location should be considered to be the most susceptible to failure. The observations are summarised in the final conclusions. Additionally, as field study showed, after ten years in service, the percentage of damaged units is considerable. More frequent IGUs inspection should cover both appearance and thermal imaging to detect unsealed panels. From the standpoint of both durability and appearance, dual silicone/PIB should be phased out in favour of modern seal systems.
本文描述了用于暖边玻璃组件的一种密封系统的特性，并分析了可能的损坏原因。重点关注了双密封PIB/硅酮系统的性能。这种类型的玻璃广泛应用于现代办公楼和购物中心的幕墙及屋顶。研究聚焦于影响幕墙系统外观和热性能的PIB位移缺陷。进行了广泛的实地调查，以检查一些办公楼中发现的问题。通过这种方式收集的信息用于确定分析的中空玻璃组件（IGU）中密封位移的关键区域和原因。对从拆除的有缺陷组件中取出的PIB和硅酮密封件进行了实验室测试。确定了这些材料的性能，并用于评估应用的边缘密封系统并建立一个具有代表性的数值模型。由于在推导精确的解析公式时遇到问题，因此使用有限元（FE）近似作为问题解决工具。生成的FE模型和应变分析是考虑气腔影响，真实反映IGU在各种环境载荷下实际行为的关键部分。将计算机模拟结果与实验室测试结果进行比较以进行模型验证。研究了环境压力变化的影响，结果表明硅酮和PIB中会出现拉伸应变，这可能导致脱粘。最大主应变出现在硅酮/丁基橡胶界面，该位置应被视为最易发生失效的位置。最终结论中总结了这些观察结果。此外，实地研究表明，服役十年后，损坏组件的比例相当可观。更频繁地检查IGU应包括外观检查和热成像，以检测未密封的面板。从耐久性和外观的角度来看，应逐步淘汰双硅酮/PIB，转而采用现代密封系统。
