Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain.
Cells. 2021 Jun 13;10(6):1487. doi: 10.3390/cells10061487.
The prostaglandins constitute a family of lipids of 20 carbon atoms that derive from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. Traditionally, prostaglandins have been linked to inflammation, female reproductive cycle, vasodilation, or bronchodilator/bronchoconstriction. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of these lipids in cancer. In this review, existing information on the prostaglandins associated with different types of cancer and the advances related to the potential use of them in neoplasm therapies have been analyzed. We can conclude that the effect of prostaglandins depends on multiple factors, such as the target tissue, their plasma concentration, and the prostaglandin subtype, among others. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD) seems to hinder tumor progression, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) seem to provide greater tumor progression and aggressiveness. However, more studies are needed to determine the role of prostaglandin I2 (PGI) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ) in cancer due to the conflicting data obtained. On the other hand, the use of different NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), especially those selective of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), could have a crucial role in the fight against different neoplasms, either as prophylaxis or as an adjuvant treatment. In addition, multiple targets, related to the action of prostaglandins on the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in cancer, have been discovered. Thus, in depth research about the prostaglandins involved in different cancer and the different targets modulated by them, as well as their role in the tumor microenvironment and the immune response, is necessary to obtain better therapeutic tools to fight cancer.
前列腺素是一类由花生四烯酸等多不饱和脂肪酸衍生而来的具有 20 个碳原子的脂质家族。传统上，前列腺素与炎症、女性生殖周期、血管扩张或支气管扩张/收缩有关。最近的研究强调了这些脂质在癌症中的作用。在这篇综述中，分析了与不同类型癌症相关的前列腺素的现有信息，以及与它们在肿瘤治疗中的潜在用途相关的进展。我们可以得出结论，前列腺素的作用取决于多个因素，例如靶组织、它们的血浆浓度和前列腺素亚型等。前列腺素 D2（PGD）似乎阻碍肿瘤进展，而前列腺素 E2（PGE）和前列腺素 F2 alpha（PGF）似乎提供更大的肿瘤进展和侵袭性。然而，由于获得的相互矛盾的数据，还需要更多的研究来确定前列腺素 I2（PGI）和前列腺素 J2（PGJ）在癌症中的作用。另一方面，由于其作用机制不同，非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的不同药物（主要是选择性 COX-2 抑制剂）的使用，在防治不同的肿瘤方面可能具有至关重要的作用，无论是作为预防还是辅助治疗。此外，已经发现了与前列腺素在涉及癌症的细胞内信号通路中的作用相关的多个靶点。因此，需要深入研究不同癌症中涉及的前列腺素及其调节的不同靶点，以及它们在肿瘤微环境和免疫反应中的作用，以获得更好的抗癌治疗工具。
