Żochowski Paweł, Warchoł Radosław, Miszczak Maciej, Nita Marcin, Pankowski Zygmunt, Bajkowski Marcin
Military Institute of Armament Technology, 7 Wyszynskiego Street, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland.
Faculty of Production Engineering, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85 Street, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 2;14(11):3020. doi: 10.3390/ma14113020.
Analyses presented in the article were carried out in order to characterize the main parameters of the shaped charge jet formed due to detonation of the PG-7VM warhead. As opposed to the previously published studies in which rolled homogeneous armored steel was mainly used as a target, in the current work the warhead penetration capability was determined against more contemporary high-hardness (500 HB) ARMSTAL 30PM steel armor with precisely determined mechanical properties. The research included experimental depth of penetration tests and their numerical reproduction in the LS-Dyna software. Special attention was paid to factors that could perturbate the shaped charge jet formation process and under- or overestimate its penetration capability. For this reason, warheads were X-ray inspected for structural discrepancies (voids or air inclusions in explosive, misalignment between the body, explosive, and liner, or lack of contact between the explosive and the liner) and properties of materials (explosive, targets, and most important warhead components) were analyzed before the experiments. The numerical model of the warhead was defined more accurately than in previously published studies, since it was based on the real grenade dimensions and its technical documentation. Thanks to this, the depth of penetration of the target made of ARMSTAL 30PM armored steel plates by the shaped charge jet formed from the PG-7VM warhead obtained by numerical simulation was consistent with the experimental results and equaled 278 mm and 280 mm, respectively. The difference between the experimental and numerical value was smaller than 1%, which confirms that the developed methodology of modeling allows users to properly reproduce the PG-7VM shaped charge jet formation and target penetration processes. A verified numerical model of the shaped charge jet penetration into a steel target was used to determine depth of penetration in function of stand-off distance for the PG-7VM warhead. A maximum depth of penetration of about 317 mm was obtained for the stand-off distance of 360 mm, which may indicate the potential direction of modernization of warheads.
本文所进行的分析旨在表征PG-7VM战斗部爆炸形成的聚能射流的主要参数。与先前发表的研究不同，先前的研究主要使用轧制均质装甲钢作为靶材，而在当前工作中，战斗部的侵彻能力是针对机械性能精确确定的更现代的高硬度（500 HB）ARMSTAL 30PM钢装甲进行测定的。研究包括实验侵彻深度测试及其在LS-Dyna软件中的数值再现。特别关注了可能干扰聚能射流形成过程并低估或高估其侵彻能力的因素。因此，在实验前对战斗部进行了X射线检查以查找结构差异（炸药中的空隙或气泡、弹体、炸药和药型罩之间的不对中，或炸药与药型罩之间缺乏接触），并分析了材料（炸药、靶材和最重要的战斗部部件）的性能。战斗部的数值模型比先前发表的研究定义得更准确，因为它基于真实手榴弹的尺寸及其技术文档。由此，通过数值模拟得到的PG-7VM战斗部形成的聚能射流对ARMSTAL 30PM装甲钢板制成的靶材的侵彻深度与实验结果一致，分别为278毫米和280毫米。实验值与数值之间的差异小于1%，这证实了所开发的建模方法能够让用户正确再现PG-7VM聚能射流的形成和靶材侵彻过程。使用经过验证的聚能射流侵彻钢靶的数值模型来确定PG-7VM战斗部的侵彻深度与炸高的函数关系。在炸高为360毫米时，获得了约317毫米的最大侵彻深度，这可能表明了战斗部现代化的潜在方向。
