Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Ophthalmology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore della Carita, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 10;13(6):1998. doi: 10.3390/nu13061998.
In the homeostasis of the ocular surface, vitamins play a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell differentiation, development and correct function. Systemic vitamin supplementation has been available for many decades; in recent years, thanks to pharmacological advancements, topical vitamin delivery has also become available in an attempt to better treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and dry eye disease (DED). In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on the role of vitamin supplementation in OSD and DED. We originally searched the PubMed archive, inspected the references and restricted the search to pertinent papers. The body of evidence was evaluated using the amelioration of both signs and symptoms as the outcome, when available. We found that in patients with vitamin deficiency, systemic supplementation of Vitamin A is effective in treating OSD, reducing both DED signs and symptoms. Additionally, systemic supplementation of vitamin D is useful in reducing DED symptoms and increasing tear volume. Vitamin A is also effective in reducing DED signs and symptoms when administered locally. The efficacy of supplementation with other vitamins is still not fully proven. In conclusion, the inclusion of vitamins into the treatment strategies for OSD and DED allows for better treatment customization and better outcomes in these patients.
在眼表的动态平衡中，维生素在调节炎症反应和促进细胞分化、发育和正常功能方面起着关键作用。几十年来，人们一直可以通过补充全身维生素来进行治疗；近年来，由于药理学的进步，局部使用维生素也成为可能，以更好地治疗眼表疾病（OSD）和干眼症（DED）。在本文中，我们回顾了维生素补充在 OSD 和 DED 中的作用的现有证据。我们最初在 PubMed 数据库中进行了检索，查阅了参考文献，并将搜索范围限制在相关论文上。当有相关结果时，我们根据症状和体征的改善情况来评估证据的整体质量。我们发现，对于维生素缺乏的患者，全身性补充维生素 A 可有效治疗 OSD，同时减少 DED 的体征和症状。此外，全身性补充维生素 D 可有效减轻 DED 症状并增加泪液量。局部使用维生素 A 也可有效减少 DED 的体征和症状。其他维生素补充的疗效尚未得到充分证实。总之，将维生素纳入 OSD 和 DED 的治疗策略中，可以实现更好的个体化治疗，并为这些患者带来更好的治疗效果。
