Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jun 10;57(6):599. doi: 10.3390/medicina57060599.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) is an umbrella term for diseases of unknown origin that cause muscle inflammation. Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are IIMs that commonly cause interstitial lung disease (ILD). When a patient presents with ILD, the evaluation of whether the case displays the characteristics of myositis should be determined by interview, physical examination, imaging findings, the measurement of myositis-related antibodies, and the determination of disease severity after diagnosis. Rapidly progressing anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive ILD may require rapid multi-drug therapy, while anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibody-positive ILD can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Importantly, however, anti-ARS antibody-positive ILD often recurs and sometimes develops into fibrosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment, and we therefore need to clarify the features of myositis associated with ILD and suspect these pathologies early. This section reviews what clinicians need to look for and what findings are evaluated in patients when diagnosing myositis associated with ILD.
特发性炎性肌病（IIM）是一组病因不明的肌肉炎症性疾病的统称。皮肌炎和多发性肌炎是常见的特发性炎性肌病，可引起间质性肺病（ILD）。当患者出现ILD 时，应通过访谈、体格检查、影像学发现、肌炎相关抗体的测量以及诊断后的疾病严重程度来确定该病例是否具有肌炎特征。快速进展的抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因 5 抗体阳性ILD 可能需要快速的多药物治疗，而抗氨酰基 tRNA 合成酶（ARS）抗体阳性ILD 可以用抗炎药物治疗。然而，重要的是，抗-ARS 抗体阳性ILD 常复发，有时会发展为纤维化。早期诊断对于治疗至关重要，因此我们需要明确ILD 相关肌炎的特征，并尽早怀疑这些病理变化。本节回顾了在诊断ILD 相关肌炎时临床医生需要寻找的内容和评估的发现。
