Lande R
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, IL 60637.
Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1455-60. doi: 10.1126/science.3420403.
Predicting the extinction of single populations or species requires ecological and evolutionary information. Primary demographic factors affecting population dynamics include social structure, life history variation caused by environmental fluctuation, dispersal in spatially heterogeneous environments, and local extinction and colonization. In small populations, inbreeding can greatly reduce the average individual fitness, and loss of genetic variability from random genetic drift can diminish future adaptability to a changing environment. Theory and empirical examples suggest that demography is usually of more immediate importance than population genetics in determining the minimum viable sizes of wild populations. The practical need in biological conservation for understanding the interaction of demographic and genetic factors in extinction may provide a focus for fundamental advances at the interface of ecology and evolution.
预测单一物种种群或物种的灭绝需要生态和进化方面的信息。影响种群动态的主要人口统计学因素包括社会结构、环境波动导致的生活史变异、空间异质环境中的扩散以及局部灭绝和定殖。在小种群中，近亲繁殖会极大地降低个体平均适合度，随机遗传漂变导致的遗传变异性丧失会削弱未来对不断变化的环境的适应能力。理论和实证例子表明，在确定野生种群的最小存活规模时，人口统计学通常比种群遗传学更为直接重要。生物保护领域对于理解灭绝过程中人口统计学和遗传因素相互作用的实际需求，可能为生态学和进化交叉领域的基础进展提供一个重点。
