Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer), Previtox Network, F-35000 Rennes, France.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, service Pharmacie, F-35000 Rennes, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Jun 11;13(6):417. doi: 10.3390/toxins13060417.
The consumption of mushrooms has become increasingly popular, partly due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. This has increased the risk of confusion during picking, and thus of intoxication. In France, about 1300 cases of intoxication are observed each year, with deaths being mostly attributed to poisoning. Among amatoxins, α- and β-amanitins are the most widely studied toxins. Hepatotoxicity is the hallmark of these compounds, leading to hepatocellular failure within three days of ingestion. The toxic mechanisms of action mainly include RNA polymerase II inhibition and oxidative stress generation, leading to hepatic cell apoptosis or necrosis depending on the doses ingested. Currently, there is no international consensus concerning poisoning management. However, antidotes with antioxidant properties remain the most effective therapeutics to date suggesting the predominant role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology. The partially elucidated mechanisms of action may reveal a suitable target for the development of an antidote. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the knowledge on amanitins, including the latest advances that could allow the proposal of new innovative and effective therapeutics.
蘑菇的食用越来越受欢迎，部分原因是其具有营养和药用特性。这增加了在采摘时混淆的风险，从而导致中毒。在法国，每年观察到大约 1300 例中毒病例，死亡主要归因于中毒。在鹅膏肽类毒素中，α-和β-鹅膏蕈碱是研究最多的毒素。肝毒性是这些化合物的标志，在摄入后三天内导致肝细胞衰竭。其毒性作用机制主要包括 RNA 聚合酶 II 抑制和氧化应激的产生，导致肝细胞凋亡或坏死取决于摄入的剂量。目前，对于中毒的处理方法还没有国际共识。然而，具有抗氧化特性的解毒剂仍然是迄今为止最有效的治疗方法，表明氧化应激在发病机制中起主要作用。部分阐明的作用机制可能揭示了开发解毒剂的合适靶标。本文综述了鹅膏肽的相关知识，包括最新的进展，这些进展可能为提出新的创新和有效的治疗方法提供依据。
