School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Neoreviews. 2021 Jul;22(7):e452-e460. doi: 10.1542/neo.22-7-e452. Epub 2021 Jul 1.
Guidelines for neonatal skin care are scarce, and there is no consensus on the best management practices for neonatal skin breakdown. This review presents the pathology and phases of wound healing, reasons for neonatal skin fragility, and approaches to recognition of commonly encountered neonatal wounds. This review also provides general strategies for neonatal wound prevention, care, dressing, and management to avoid further damage to the fragile neonatal skin. The importance and role of retaining moisture in expediting wound healing is discussed, as well as updated classifications on how to grade and assess pressure ulcers and the role of negative pressure wound therapy and silver dressings. Lastly, this review discusses prevention and treatment options for surgical wounds, intravenous extravasation wounds, congenital wounds, and thermal injuries, in addition to how to differentiate these wounds from the common diaper dermatitis and contact dermatitis.
新生儿皮肤护理的相关指南较少，对于新生儿皮肤破损的最佳处理方法也尚未达成共识。本综述介绍了伤口愈合的病理和阶段、新生儿皮肤脆弱的原因，以及识别常见新生儿伤口的方法。本综述还提供了新生儿伤口预防、护理、敷料和管理的一般策略，以避免对脆弱的新生儿皮肤造成进一步的伤害。讨论了保持水分在促进伤口愈合方面的重要性和作用，以及更新的压力性溃疡分级和评估分类以及负压伤口治疗和银敷料的作用。最后，本综述讨论了手术伤口、静脉外渗伤口、先天性伤口和热损伤的预防和治疗选择，以及如何将这些伤口与常见的尿布皮炎和接触性皮炎区分开来。
