Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil.
EcoLogicProject, Highway 9, Boulder Creek, CA, 95006, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Jul 2;193(7):458. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09215-7.
We use benthic foraminifera and hydrography as environmental indicators to characterize the estuarine channel of Bertioga (SP, Brazil). Salinity and temperature measured in four fixed stations (F1-F4) influence differentiation related to species habitat, fluvial discharge, and environmental quality. Tidal oscillation during neap and spring tides changes the Hansen and Rattray stratification-circulation classification from highly stratified (type 2b) to weakly stratified (type 2a). In the northern entrance close to Itapanhaú River, F1 is highly stratified environment (type 2b), with significant difference between bottom and surface salinities, presenting Pararotalia sp., Pseudononion atlanticum, Hanzawaia boueana, and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana as indicator species. F2 in summer is highly stratified (type 2b) with large difference between surface and bottom salinity, whereas in winter is partially mixed weakly stratified (type 2a) with small difference between salinities and the agglutinated Arenoparella mexicana, Haplophragmoides wilberti, and Trochammina inflata thrives. In summer and winter, F3 is partially mixed weakly stratified (type 2a) with A. mexicana, H. wilberti, Trochammina inflata, Ammobaculites sp., and Ammotium salsum. In the southern entrance, F4 in the winter, is partially mixed, weakly stratified system (type 2a) that changes to highly stratified (type 2b) with large difference between salinities. This indicated low influence of fluvial freshwater and high influence of saline and polluted waters from Santos Channel where Arenoparella mexicana, Gaudryina exilis, and Ammotium cassis inhabits. Presence of Quinqueloculina spp. and Triloculina sp. indicates high saline influence, and presence of Ammonia tepida and Elphidium spp. indicates mixohaline environments which salinity dilution occurs.
我们使用底栖有孔虫和水文学作为环境指标来描述 Bertioga（巴西 SP）的河口航道。在四个固定站位（F1-F4）测量的盐度和温度影响与物种栖息地、河流流量和环境质量相关的差异。在小潮和大潮期间的潮汐波动将 Hansen 和 Rattray 分层-环流分类从强分层（类型 2b）变为弱分层（类型 2a）。在靠近伊塔潘加河的北部入口处，F1 是强分层环境（类型 2b），底层和表层盐度差异显著，指示物种有 Pararotalia sp.、Pseudononion atlanticum、Hanzawaia boueana 和 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana。夏季的 F2 是强分层（类型 2b），表面和底层盐度差异较大，而冬季是部分混合的弱分层（类型 2a），盐度差异较小，胶结的 Arenoparella mexicana、Haplophragmoides wilberti 和 Trochammina inflata 茁壮成长。在夏季和冬季，F3 是部分混合的弱分层（类型 2a），有 A. mexicana、H. wilberti、Trochammina inflata、Ammobaculites sp. 和 Ammotium salsum。在南部入口处，冬季的 F4 是部分混合的弱分层系统（类型 2a），盐度差异较大时变为强分层（类型 2b）。这表明淡水对河流的影响较小，而来自桑托斯海峡的咸水和污染水的影响较大，Arenoparella mexicana、Gaudryina exilis 和 Ammotium cassis 栖息于此。Quinqueloculina spp. 和 Triloculina sp. 的存在表明高盐度的影响，而 Ammonia tepida 和 Elphidium spp. 的存在表明混合盐度环境发生了盐度稀释。
