Zubova Tatyana Vladimirovna, Pleshkov Vladimir Alexandrovich, Smolovskaya Oksana Vladimirovna, Mironov Alexander Nikolaevich, Korobeynikova Larisa Nikolaevna
Zootechnical Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy", Markovtseva Street, 5, Kemerovo, 650056, Russia.
Vet World. 2021 May;14(5):1059-1066. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1059-1066. Epub 2021 May 4.
It is known that metabolic disturbances in the animal body negatively affect parturition, uterine involution, and, ultimately, fertility, especially in cows, during the first insemination. Although the method of diet optimization with the use of a software package results in positive outcomes, adjustment is required for certain groups of animals (e.g., cows), in accordance with the period of the year. Every year, in the spring and autumn, blood is taken from animals to detect metabolic disorders, and then either the diet is balanced or, if the cows lack vitamins and minerals, they are administered to cows parenterally or with food. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of using carotene-containing preparation in the prevention of postpartum complications in cows.
Before the start of the experiment, blood was collected from the animals of the experimental and control groups, with ten animals in each group, and its serum was examined for the presence of carotene. Low carotene content was found in the serum of all animals (from 0.2 to 0.25 mg%) with the norm within the range of 0.40-0.62 mg%. The cows of the experimental group were injected subcutaneously with the carotene-containing preparation 30, 20, and 10 days before the expected calving date at a dose of 10 mL per head. The carotene-containing preparation was a solution of crystalline β-carotene substance in deodorized sunflower oil. Moreover, the share of β-carotene was at least 0.18%. The drug was administered intramuscularly into the rump.
In the postpartum period, the retention of the placenta was observed in two animals of the control group. The uterine involution in the cows of the control group was 16.0 (p<0.05) days longer than that in the cows of the experimental group. The duration of placenta separation in the cows of the control group was on average 3.21 h longer (p<0.01) than that in the cows of the experimental group. The period from calving to the introduction of the embryo was 63.17±1.56 days in the control group and 48.3±0.83 days in the experimental group. The survival rate of embryos in the cows of the experimental group was 60%, and the period from the calving date to the introduction of the embryo averaged 48 days, which were 14.9 (p<0.05) days less than that in the cows of the control group.
When the carotene-containing preparation was administered in a dose of 10 mL subcutaneously to cows 30, 20, and 10 days before the calving date, the blood carotene content increased, and the duration of the last stage and uterine involution decreased. The period from the calving date to the introduction of the embryo was reduced to 48.3±0.83 days, and the survival rate of embryos was 60%.
众所周知，动物机体的代谢紊乱会对分娩、子宫复旧产生负面影响，并最终影响繁殖力，尤其是在奶牛首次输精期间。尽管使用软件包进行饮食优化的方法能带来积极效果，但根据一年中的不同时期，某些动物群体（如奶牛）仍需要进行调整。每年春秋两季，都会采集动物血液以检测代谢紊乱情况，然后要么平衡饮食，要么在奶牛缺乏维生素和矿物质时，通过肠胃外途径或与食物一起给予补充。本研究的目的是评估使用含胡萝卜素制剂预防奶牛产后并发症的效果。
在实验开始前，从实验组和对照组的动物身上采集血液，每组10只动物，并检测其血清中的胡萝卜素含量。所有动物血清中的胡萝卜素含量均较低（0.2至0.25毫克%），正常范围为0.40 - 0.62毫克%。实验组的奶牛在预计产犊日期前30、20和10天皮下注射含胡萝卜素制剂，剂量为每头10毫升。含胡萝卜素制剂是结晶β - 胡萝卜素物质在脱臭向日葵油中的溶液。此外，β - 胡萝卜素的含量至少为0.18%。药物通过肌肉注射到臀部。
在产后阶段，对照组有两只动物出现胎盘滞留。对照组奶牛的子宫复旧时间比实验组奶牛长16.0天（p<0.05）。对照组奶牛的胎盘分离持续时间平均比实验组奶牛长3.21小时（p<0.01）。对照组从产犊到胚胎植入的时间为63.17±1.56天，实验组为48.3±0.83天。实验组奶牛胚胎的存活率为60%，从产犊日期到胚胎植入的时间平均为48天，比对照组奶牛少14.9天（p<0.05）。
在产犊日期前30、20和10天给奶牛皮下注射10毫升含胡萝卜素制剂后，血液中的胡萝卜素含量增加，最后阶段和子宫复旧的持续时间缩短。从产犊日期到胚胎植入的时间缩短至48.3±0.83天，胚胎存活率为60%。
