Sheikheldin Gussai H
Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization (STIPRO), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Front Res Metr Anal. 2021 Jun 17;6:691247. doi: 10.3389/frma.2021.691247. eCollection 2021.
Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) have key roles in stories of national industrial development in many countries, and in various contexts they have transformed according to changes in their surrounding economic and policy environments. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of 'RTOs as super intermediaries' as they play multiple intermediary roles in the triple helix (government, research and industry), the overlap of industrial policy and research policy, and research-industry frontiers. The framework helps in understanding and advancing the role of RTOs in industrial development, particularly in developing countries. For a case study, the paper showcases research in Tanzania that explored possibilities of revamping RTOs and whether investing in them would help in spurring Tanzania's industrial development. Through key informant interviews and systemic literature review, a case study on the challenges and opportunities of RTOs was designed to examine their role and potential in industrial development and technology innovation processes. The study findings were overall in-line with two main lenses of inquiry: 1) that for RTOs to play their key roles in Tanzania, industrial policies shaped by the command economy era before the 1990s need to be reviewed and modified; and 2) that more investment in revamping RTOs will take place if policymaking processes acknowledge RTOs as super intermediaries. To organize policy lessons drawn, a multi-level policy map-micro, meso and macro-was utilized as an analytical tool.
研究与技术组织（RTOs）在许多国家的国家产业发展历程中扮演着关键角色，并且在不同背景下，它们已根据其周边经济和政策环境的变化而转型。本文提出了一个“RTOs作为超级中介”的概念框架，因为它们在三螺旋（政府、研究和产业）、产业政策与研究政策的重叠以及研究 - 产业前沿领域中发挥着多重中介作用。该框架有助于理解和推进RTOs在产业发展中的作用，特别是在发展中国家。作为案例研究，本文展示了在坦桑尼亚的研究，该研究探索了改造RTOs的可能性以及对其投资是否有助于推动坦桑尼亚的产业发展。通过关键信息人访谈和系统的文献综述，设计了一个关于RTOs面临的挑战和机遇的案例研究，以考察它们在产业发展和技术创新过程中的作用和潜力。研究结果总体上符合两个主要的探究视角：1）为使RTOs在坦桑尼亚发挥关键作用，需要对20世纪90年代之前指令经济时代形成的产业政策进行审查和修改；2）如果决策过程将RTOs视为超级中介，将有更多投资用于改造RTOs。为了梳理得出的政策经验教训，采用了一个多层次的政策地图——微观、中观和宏观——作为分析工具。
