Lin Tracy Kuo, Kafri Rawan, Hammoudeh Weeam, Mitwalli Suzan, Jamaluddine Zeina, Ghattas Hala, Giacaman Rita, Leone Tiziana
Institute for Health & Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK; Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory.
Lancet. 2021 Jul;398 Suppl 1:S35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01521-X.
Conflict impacts food security and decreases household dietary diversity. However, few studies have explored the routes by which prolonged conflict and social stressors affect food insecurity experience and food diversity. This study examines the influence of political, economic, and agricultural stressors on food insecurity and food diversity, and evaluates variations in food insecurity and food diversity with location of residence for households in the occupied Palestinian territory.
A secondary data analysis with structural equation modelling was carried out on data from the Socio-Economic & Food Security Survey 2014 of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. The survey was completed by a representative sample of the Palestinian population in the occupied Palestinian territory at governorate and locality levels, and consisted of 4215 households in the West Bank and 2916 households in the Gaza Strip. The primary outcomes were food diversity (measured with a food consumption score) and food insecurity (assessed with a composite experience-based measure of food security). We used structural equation models to examine the relationships between location of residence (in the West Bank, living in Area C versus not Area C; in the Gaza Strip, proximity of residence to the buffer zone), the number of political stressors, economic stressors, and agricultural stressors (eg, restricted access to land), and the primary outcomes. We controlled for demographic characteristics, including education, governorate, and wealth.
In the West Bank, there was no statistically significant direct association between living in Area C and food insecurity. Living in Area C is associated with a higher number of agricultural stressors than not Area C (p=0·032), and a higher number of agricultural stressors is in turn associated with lower food diversity (p=0·0080) and higher food insecurity (p=0·040). In the Gaza Strip, proximity to the buffer zone is directly associated with higher food insecurity (p=0.041) and lower food diversity (p=0·019) and a higher number of political stressors (p=0·057). A higher number of political stressors is associated with a higher number of economic stressors (p=0·026) and higher food insecurity (p=0·034).
The findings suggest that political, economic, and agricultural factors contribute to food insecurity and food diversity, and that their interactions are complex. Conflict and occupation affect food availability through both direct and indirect channels. In the Gaza Strip, living in close proximity to the buffer zone is associated with lower food diversity and higher food insecurity. In the West Bank, although residing in Area C may not directly increase food insecurity, the hardship generated by the conditions in Area C contributes to higher food insecurity.
The Emirates Foundation.
冲突影响粮食安全并降低家庭饮食多样性。然而，很少有研究探讨长期冲突和社会压力源影响粮食不安全经历和食物多样性的途径。本研究考察政治、经济和农业压力源对粮食不安全和食物多样性的影响，并评估巴勒斯坦被占领土家庭粮食不安全和食物多样性随居住地点的变化情况。
对巴勒斯坦中央统计局2014年社会经济与粮食安全调查的数据进行了结构方程模型的二次数据分析。该调查由巴勒斯坦被占领土省和地区层面的巴勒斯坦人口代表性样本完成，包括约旦河西岸的4215户家庭和加沙地带的2916户家庭。主要结果是食物多样性（用食物消费得分衡量）和粮食不安全（用基于综合经验的粮食安全衡量方法评估）。我们使用结构方程模型来研究居住地点（在约旦河西岸，居住在C区与非C区；在加沙地带，居住地点与缓冲区的距离）、政治压力源数量、经济压力源数量和农业压力源数量（例如，土地获取受限）与主要结果之间的关系。我们控制了人口特征，包括教育程度、省份和财富状况。
在约旦河西岸，居住在C区与粮食不安全之间没有统计学上的显著直接关联。居住在C区比非C区面临更多的农业压力源（p = 0·032），而更多的农业压力源反过来又与更低的食物多样性（p = 0·0080）和更高的粮食不安全（p = 0·040）相关。在加沙地带，靠近缓冲区与更高的粮食不安全（p = 0.041）、更低的食物多样性（p = 0·019）以及更多的政治压力源（p = 0·057）直接相关。更多的政治压力源与更多的经济压力源（p = 0·026）和更高的粮食不安全（p = 0·034）相关。
研究结果表明，政治、经济和农业因素导致了粮食不安全和食物多样性，且它们之间的相互作用很复杂。冲突和占领通过直接和间接渠道影响食物供应。在加沙地带，居住在靠近缓冲区的地方与更低的食物多样性和更高的粮食不安全相关。在约旦河西岸，虽然居住在C区可能不会直接增加粮食不安全，但C区的状况所带来的困难导致了更高的粮食不安全。
阿联酋基金会。
