Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Aug 26;31(9):2628-2636. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.025. Epub 2021 Jul 3.
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic non-communicable disease influenced by non-modifiable risk factors, such as sex and age, as well as modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle, including diet and smoking. Moreover, diet quality among smokers is worse than that of non-smokers, mainly in terms of antioxidant content. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate whether dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) influences the association between smoking and HTN.
This cross-sectional study included 4303 graduates (69.35% women) from the Cohort of Minas Gerais Universities (CUME) project. An online food frequency questionnaire was administered to participants, and dTAC was estimated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. In the questionnaires, individuals reported smoking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, previous HTN diagnosis, and use of antihypertensive drugs. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval between smoking and HTN, stratified by the median dTAC. Current and former smokers had higher dTAC values despite their lower fruit intake. Moreover, coffee was the main contributor to dTAC among them. Smoking was associated with a higher likelihood of HTN, mainly among individuals with a higher dTAC. However, after exclusion of coffee antioxidant capacity, there was an association between only smoking and HTN in individuals with lower dTAC.
The controversial association between higher dTAC and HTN can result from high coffee intake. Higher dTAC without coffee intake may mitigate the association between smoking and HTN in this population.
高血压（HTN）是一种慢性非传染性疾病，受不可改变的危险因素（如性别和年龄）以及可改变的危险因素（如生活方式，包括饮食和吸烟）的影响。此外，吸烟者的饮食质量比不吸烟者差，主要表现在抗氧化剂含量方面。因此，本研究旨在探讨饮食总抗氧化能力（dTAC）是否影响吸烟与 HTN 之间的关联。
这是一项横断面研究，共纳入了来自米纳斯吉拉斯州大学队列研究（CUME）项目的 4303 名毕业生（69.35%为女性）。通过在线食物频率问卷向参与者询问饮食情况，并使用铁还原抗氧化能力法估计 dTAC。在问卷中，个体报告了吸烟状况、收缩压和舒张压值、先前的 HTN 诊断以及使用抗高血压药物的情况。使用逻辑回归模型估计了吸烟与 HTN 之间的比值比和 95%置信区间，按 dTAC 中位数分层。尽管当前和曾经吸烟者的水果摄入量较低，但他们的 dTAC 值较高。此外，咖啡是他们 dTAC 的主要来源。尽管吸烟与较高的 dTAC 与较高的 HTN 发生率相关，但这种关联主要发生在 dTAC 较高的个体中。然而，在排除咖啡抗氧化能力后，仅在 dTAC 较低的个体中，吸烟与 HTN 之间存在关联。
较高的 dTAC 与 HTN 之间存在争议性的关联可能是由于高咖啡摄入量所致。在该人群中，不摄入咖啡而摄入较高的 dTAC 可能会减轻吸烟与 HTN 之间的关联。
